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321.
Blending high-quality and rigorous research with pure evaluation practice can often be best accomplished through thoughtful collaboration. The evaluation of a high school drug prevention program (All Stars Senior) is an example of how perceived competing purposes and methodologies can coexist to investigate formative and summative outcome variables that can be used for program improvement. Throughout this project there were many examples of client learning from evaluator and evaluator learning from client. This article presents convincing evidence that collaborative evaluation can improve the design, implementation, and findings of the randomized control trial. Throughout this paper, we discuss many examples of good science, good evaluation, and other practical benefits of practicing collaborative evaluation. Ultimately, the authors created the term pre-formative evaluation to describe the period prior to data collection and before program implementation, when collaborative evaluation can inform program improvement. 相似文献
322.
This paper examines rural population ageing in the United States with a particular focus on the contrasting contexts in which older rural residents live. We compare the characteristics of the older population by rural versus urban residence, and explore challenges and opportunities associated with the ageing of rural baby boomers. The United States is a vast territory, and rural areas in the US are diverse regionally, in poverty and income, principal forms of employment, proximity to metropolitan areas, population size, density and composition, the history of change in these parameters, and a number of other factors that affect the ageing process. Hence, the diversity across rural areas is an important consideration in what affects the well being of rural elderly individuals, as well as the community-level impacts of rural ageing. Further, the characteristics of the older rural population help shape community and rural development outcomes for diverse rural communities. We use data from various US Census Bureau sources, and cite other studies to provide a demographic overview of ageing in the rural United States, and to analyze how this situation differs in varying socio-demographic and regional contexts. In the concluding section, we focus on policy implications associated with rural ageing. 相似文献
323.
D Alvargonzález 《Journal of Aging Studies》2012,26(4):377-385
Employing the tenets of philosophical materialism, this paper discusses the ethical debate surrounding assisted suicide for persons suffering end-stage Alzheimer's. It first presents a classification of the dissociative situations between "human individual" and "human person". It then moves on to discuss challenges to diagnosed persons and their caregivers in relation to the cardinal virtues of Spinozistic ethics - strength of character (fortitudo), firmness (animositas) and generosity (generositas). Finally, a number of ideas attached to the debate - "right of choice", "death with dignity", "quality of life" and "compassion in dying" - are discussed in order to clarify their foundations. 相似文献
324.
There are many grounds for arguing that people with a range of disabilities have more in common than they have differences. However, those grounds to date have not resulted in a unified social movement. This paper examines one possible reason for that lack of unity: the particular force of being unreasonable in modern society. However, being unreasonable is not limited to those with a psychiatric diagnosis, nor does a lack or loss of reason take a simple common form within that group: it is a highly nuanced and context-specific matter. This complexity is discussed in relation to a set of inter-related questions about legalism, morality and post-enlightenment concerns with order and rationality. The paper concludes with a discussion of scenarios available to new social movements concerned with disability. 相似文献
325.
Suurvali H Hodgins DC Toneatto T Cunningham JA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):273-296
A random digit dialing telephone survey was used to interview 8,467 adults in Ontario, Canada. The NODS-CLiP was used to identify
a representative sample of 730 gamblers (54.3% male, mean age 45.3 years) with possible past year gambling problems in order
to explore factors that might affect disordered gamblers’ motivators for seeking gambling-related help. A final sample of
526 gamblers provided useable data on possible reasons for and barriers to seeking help, awareness of services, self-perception
of gambling problems and experience with help-seeking. Financial and relationship issues were the most frequently volunteered
motivators. However, over two-thirds of the respondents could not think of a reason for seeking help. Gamblers who had self-admitted
or more severe problems, who knew how to get help, who were employed and had more education, and who identified possible barriers
to seeking help were more likely to suggest motivators, especially financial ones. More research is recommended on gamblers’
trajectory towards recognition of a gambling problem, the process of overcoming specific barriers to treatment, and the role
of social advantage (e.g., education and employment), in order to devise educational campaigns that will encourage earlier
help-seeking among disordered gamblers. 相似文献
326.
Kayla de la Haye Harold D. Green Jr. David P. Kennedy Annie Zhou Daniela Golinelli Suzanne L. Wenzel Joan S. Tucker 《Journal of research on adolescence》2012,22(4):604-616
Homeless youth lack the traditional support networks of their housed peers, which increases their risk for poor health outcomes. Using a multilevel dyadic analytic approach, this study identified characteristics of social contacts, relationships, and social networks associated with the provision of tangible and emotional support to homeless youth (N = 419, M age = 20.09, SD = 2.80). Support providers were likely to be family members, sex partners, or non–street‐based contacts. The provision of support was also associated with contacts' employment and homelessness status, frequency of contact, shared risk behaviors, and the number of network members that were homeless and employed. The results provide insights into how homeless youth could be assisted to develop more supportive social networks. 相似文献
327.
Mertens A Brandl C Przybysz P Koch-Körfges D Schlick CM 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):3519-3525
During employment of icons in order to represent system functions, specific user requirements from elderly people have not been scientifically gathered and thus will merely be considered during the process of system design. The survey, with explicit consideration of technology acceptance and experience of 120 elderly probands, looked into the comprehension of four different classes of non-animated graphical representations. It was shown that among elderly, the use of photos compared to pictograms or clip art leads to a significantly higher recognition rate. The mapping of actions rather than objects leads to a further reduction of the error probability and is thus, especially in the context of telemedicine, preferable for the target group. 相似文献
328.
David Pettinicchio 《Sociology Compass》2012,6(6):499-510
Social movements are conventionally understood as a means by which groups seek to resolve collective grievances outside of the regular political process. With this in mind, I explore the important role of “institutional activists”– insiders with access to resources and power – who proactively take up causes that overlap with those of grassroots challengers. This article focuses on the history of, and recent developments in, the study of institutional activism, situating the concept within existing social movement theory and providing examples of the varying roles of institutional activists in mobilization. 相似文献
329.
Many faculty members consider using case studies but not all end up using them. We provide a brief review of what cases are
intended to do and identify three ways in which they can be used. We then use an example to illustrate how we have used the
case study method in teaching business demography. Among other benefits, we note that the case studies method not only encourages
the acquisition of skills by students, but can be used to promote “deep structure learning,” an approach naturally accommodates
other features associated with the case studies method—the development of critical thinking skills, the use of real world
problems, the emphasis of concepts over mechanics, writing and presentation skills, active cooperative learning and the “worthwhileness”
of a course. As noted by others, we understand the limitations of the case study method. However, given its strengths, we
believe it has a place in the instructional toolbox for courses in business demography. The fact that courses we teach is
a testament to our perceived efficacy of this tool. 相似文献
330.
The advent of a continuously updated Master Area File (MAF) following the 2000 census represents an information resource that
can be tapped for purposes of developing timely, cost-effective, and precise population estimates for even the smallest of
geographical units (e.g., census blocks). We argue that the MAF can be enhanced (EMAF) for these purposes. In support of our
argument we describe a set of activities needed to develop EMAF, each of which is well within the current capabilities of
the U.S. Census Bureau and discuss various costs and benefits of each. We also describe how EMAF would provide population
estimates containing a wide range of demographic (e.g., age, race, and sex) and socio-economic characteristics (e.g., educational
attainment, income, and employment). As such, it could largely negate and eliminate the need for many of the traditional demographic
methods of population estimation and possibly reduce the number of sample surveys. We identify important challenges that must
be surmounted in order to realize EMAF and make suggestions for doing so. We conclude by noting that the idea of the EMAF
could be of interest to other countries with MAF files and strong administrative records systems that, like the United States,
are facing the challenge of producing good population information in the face of increasing census costs. 相似文献