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21.
Suzanne T. Ortega David R. Johnson Peter G. Beeson Betty J. Craft 《Rural sociology》1994,59(4):598-619
Abstract This paper examines rural/urban differences and trends in mental health during the farm crisis of the 1980s in a large panel sample from a midwestern state. A community research perspective, which attributes differences to life styles, culture, and community context, is contrasted with an economic stress perspective, which focuses on individual differences in economic circumstances as determinants of rural-urban differences in mental health. Survey samples from 1981, 1986, and 1989 are used to examine differences among seven categories of community type. Multiple regression analysis of the trend and panel data provide support for both the individual economic distress and community context models. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Führungskr?ften wird ein aktueller überblick über Stressmanagementinterventionen in
der Arbeitswelt (ASMI) anhand von Metaanalysen und Reviews geleistet. Kognitiv-behaviorale und Entspannungstrainings dominieren
und sind effektiv auf individueller Ebene. Interventionen mit Führungskr?ften werden selten evaluiert. Neuere Entwicklungen
von ASMI sind ressourcenbezogen und integrieren zielgruppenorientiert personen- und bedingungsbezogenen Methoden auf der Grundlage
stressbezogener Analysen. Für Führungskr?fte wird auf der Grundlage ihrer Anforderungen, Stressoren und Ressourcen ein Coaching
Konzept entwickelt, bei dem die F?rderung der Self-Leadership Kompetenz und Transferpl?ne im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Dipl.-Psych. Christine G. Busch, Studium: TU Berlin, 1995–1996 Trainerin für Stressmanagement der AOK Berlin u. wiss. Mitarbeiterin an der Universit?t Potsdam; 1996–1998 Univ.-Assistentin für angewandte Psychologie an der Universit?t Innsbruck; seit 1998 wiss. Angestellte der Arbeits-, Betriebs- und Umweltpsychologie an der Universit?t Hamburg.
Dipl.-Psych. Brigitte Steinmetz, Studium: Universit?t Hamburg, seit 2000 freiberufl. T?tigkeit; 2001–02 Stipendiatin der Universit?t Hamburg; seit 2002 wiss. Mitarbeiterin der Arbeits-, Betriebs- und Umweltpsychologie an der Universit?t Hamburg 相似文献
The state-of-the-art in worksite stress management interventions (wSMI) with focus on the executive staff is shown through meta-analyses and reviews. The field is dominated by cognitive-behavioral, multimodal and relaxation trainings. These methods are effective on the individual level, however interventions with executives are rarely evaluated. New developments in wSMI are described where target-group and condition-focused methods are integrated on the basis of stress analyses. For executives, a coaching concept based on the specific demands, stressors and resources is developed with emphasis on the promotion of self-leadership and transfer plans.
Dipl.-Psych. Christine G. Busch, Studium: TU Berlin, 1995–1996 Trainerin für Stressmanagement der AOK Berlin u. wiss. Mitarbeiterin an der Universit?t Potsdam; 1996–1998 Univ.-Assistentin für angewandte Psychologie an der Universit?t Innsbruck; seit 1998 wiss. Angestellte der Arbeits-, Betriebs- und Umweltpsychologie an der Universit?t Hamburg.
Dipl.-Psych. Brigitte Steinmetz, Studium: Universit?t Hamburg, seit 2000 freiberufl. T?tigkeit; 2001–02 Stipendiatin der Universit?t Hamburg; seit 2002 wiss. Mitarbeiterin der Arbeits-, Betriebs- und Umweltpsychologie an der Universit?t Hamburg 相似文献
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This study examines housing quality among three groups of single-parent women: white, African-American, and Hispanic. Three
indicators of housing quality—crowding, affordability, and satisfaction—are used to discover the extent to which these groups
experience housing problems. This study also explores differences and similarities in the factors that precipitate problems
in housing quality for these three groups of single parents. Findings suggest important differences and similarities in the
nature of housing quality problems among white, African-American, and Hispanic single-parent women. The specified variables
explained about 20% of the variance in crowding, housing affordability, and housing satisfaction. On measures of objective
and subjective housing quality, white single mothers are better housed than their African-American or Hispanic counterparts.
Hispanic single mothers have the largest housing cost burden and average more persons per household than the other groups.
African-Americans are twice as likely as either group to live in low-quality housing and reported the lowest average satisfaction
with their housing.
Her research interests include housing and neighborhood assessment and women and public policy issues. She has recently published
articles inUrban Affairs Quarterly andHousing and Society on housing and neighborhood assessment criteria among black urban households and the housing cost burden of various groups
of female-headed households. She received her Ph.D. from Ohio State University.
Her research interests include the housing adjustment behavior of women and public policy. She has recently completed her
thesis on the role of noncustodial parents in determining the quality of life of their children. She is also the recipient
of the Tessie Agan Award for research excellence from the American Association of Housing Educators for a paper titled “Unterstanding
Constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent Families.” 相似文献
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Frank De Zwart 《Theory and Society》2005,34(2):137-169
Governments around the world combat inequality by means of group-specific redistribution. Some pursue redistribution that benefits groups, but also wish to avoid accentuating or even recognizing group distinctions. This poses a dilemma that they try to resolve by adjusting the category system used to target redistribution. There are three types of adjustment: accommodation (the multicultural approach), denial (the ideal-typical liberal solution), and replacement (a compromise). In replacement the targets of redistributive policies are constructed to avoid accentuation or recognition of inconvenient group distinctions, but still allow redistribution that benefits these groups. Replacement is increasingly in demand around the world because the disadvantages of multiculturalism are becoming apparent while denial is hard to sustain in the face of group inequality. The actual effect of replacement is little researched and less understood, however. Does it resolve the dilemma of recognition? Two examples–India and Nigeria–where replacement has been tried ever since the 1950s cast doubt on its viability. 相似文献
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This article provides a comparison of three West European countries with five Central East European countries in respect of working time and the integration of work and family life. The countries are the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK in West Europe and Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania and Slovenia in Central East Europe. As well as providing an East–West comparison, the article also takes into account the differing institutional and policy contexts in the selected countries and the different routes to flexibility. A further aim of the article is to extend our understanding of the culture and values which underpin the organization of family and work in each country. Whilst there is a clear East–West divide, all eight countries demonstrate diverse routes to flexibility and different mixes of social policies and gender cultures which have lead to considerable differences in the integration of work and family life. 相似文献