Using Qualitative Methods with Poor Children in Urban Ethiopia: Opportunities &; Challenges

This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of using qualitative methods to elicit poor children’s perspectives about threats and positive influences on their wellbeing. It draws on research carried out by the author on the subjective experiences of poor children in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia in terms of their understandings of wellbeing, threats to their wellbeing, coping strategies, and positive or resilient outcomes. After a brief introduction reviewing previous approaches to child poverty in general and research on Ethiopian children in particular, the second section describes the research setting and the ethical approach to the study, which influenced how consent was obtained and the data analysed. The paper then describes the use of qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews, draw-and-tell, and diaries, the kinds of data they produced and the methodological and ethical dilemmas and tensions encountered in using them. It concludes that despite the challenges qualitative methods are invaluable in order to understand what poor children see as threats and positive influences on their wellbeing.

Measuring Child Poverty in South Africa: Sensitivity to the Choice of Equivalence Scale and an Updated Profile

This paper offers evidence on the sensitivity of child poverty in South Africa to changes in the adult equivalence scale (AES) and updates the child poverty profile based on the Income and Expenditure Survey 2005/06. Setting the poverty line at the 40th percentile of households calculated with different AESs the scope and composition of child poverty are found to be relatively insensitive to the scale used. The rankings of children of different ages, girls versus boys, racial groupings and children living in rural versus urban areas are unaffected by choice of AES, although some provincial rankings on the poverty headcount measure are. The proportions of children and households ‘correctly’ identified as poor for the full range of scales is extremely high. These findings support the argument that it may be appropriate for profiling poverty in South Africa to use a poverty line based on a per capita welfare measure. For the construction of the child poverty profile, per capita income is used as the welfare indicator with the poverty line set at the 40th percentile of household. The profile suggests that poverty amongst children is more extensive than amongst the population or adults even after the massive injection of transfers into households with poor children through the child support grant. The child poverty headcount, depth and severity are all highest amongst children age 0–4 and lowest amongst those aged 15–17, who are not yet beneficiaries of the grants. They are also highest amongst African and Coloured children. Large variations across provinces remain. The analysis underlines the importance of prioritising children in the fight against poverty, particularly in their earliest years.     

军事熟语的文化特征

军事熟语是在中华民族的长期语言实践中反复加工锤炼而成的哲理性语言.它具有客观辩证的思维方式:联系发展的动态理念和把握全局的宏观视角;具有历史性:以谋为本的文化倾向,以治为胜的治军传统和追求全胜的最高境界;具有民族性:爱好和平的心理愿望和团结一心的民族气节.     

试述儒道文明一统思想

儒家思想和道家思想 ,都是关于社会文明进步与发展的思想。儒家形成了以“仁”为核心 ,以纳“仁”入“礼”的“仁礼学说”为指导的“仁一统”思想 ;道家形成了以“道”为核心 ,以“道论”为指导的“道一统”思想 ,两者关于文明进步与发展的哲学基础、前提条件、方式途径等各有所论。儒道文明一统思想对于统一、多民族、全面进步与发展的中国古代历史发挥了重大而深远的作用 ,在中华民族新的伟大复兴以至世界和平与发展中也有望发挥新的重要的积极作用     

自然人犯罪主体的理论探讨

犯罪主体在犯罪构成要件中是不可缺少的,而自然人犯罪主体是犯罪主体的重要组成部分。作者认为,我国刑法关于未成年人相对负刑事责任年龄的规定有缺陷,建议立法修正。文章还对自然人犯罪主体在共同犯罪中具有的不同类型和新的特征作了探讨。     

化工原理实验教学软件的开发

介绍了化工原理实验教学软件的基本框架、功能及其用途,软件采用Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0编写,界面友好,功能齐全、操作简单、并可根据实际需要进行功能扩充,为化工原理实验CAI教学与实际应用提供了方便。     

国际人权公约与我国人权立法的比较

本文通过国际人权公约和我国人权立法的比较,可以看到我国人权立法与世界共同标准不断接近的轨迹.尽管权利的确立和保障,要受一国经济、社会和文化发展水平的制约,采取的步骤应与一国的国情和承受能力相适应.但毫无疑问,继续缩小两者的差异,解决相互间的冲突,是我国人权立法完善和前进的方向.     

会计制度设计的若干问题

会计制度是会计工作规范的总称。会计制度设计质量直接决定会计工作质量和会计信息质量。本文重点论述了会计制度设计应遵循的所有者权益至上原则、科学性原则、公开性原则;财务会计概念框架的内容;构建了以会计职业道德、单位内部会计控制、投资者的会计监督、政府会计监督四位一体的会计监督体系。     

纳什均衡的内涵、问题和前景--读《纳什均衡论》

纳什均衡理论由于具有十分强的解决问题的能力,不仅成了现代理论经济学分析方法的基础,而且还对自然科学、社会科学的许多领域产生了影响.但纳什均衡理论不是完美无缺的,"象棋博弈"、"性别博弈"、"蜈蚣博弈"都对纳什均衡的有效性提出了质疑.这就要求纳什均衡理论有新的发展,这种发展既包括超越非合作博弈与合作博弈的传统分类,也包括对纳什均衡理论逻辑起点--经济人的超越和扬弃.