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221.
The authors derive upper and lower bounds on the maximum number of clear two‐factor interactions in 2m?p fractional factorial designs of resolution III and IV. A two‐factor interaction is said to be clear if it is not aliased with any main effect or with any other two‐factor interaction. The lower bounds are obtained by exhibiting specific designs. By comparing the bounds with the values of the maximum number of clear two‐factor interactions in cases where it is known, one concludes that the construction methods perform quite well. 相似文献
222.
Research has shown that teenagers' perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of pregnancy and contraception are significant predictors of pregnancy risk taking. This analysis examines the content and determinants of these cost-benefit sets, using data from 425 sexually active adolescents. The results indicate that teens' perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of pregnancy and contraception are neither strongly nor systematically related to each other. Moreover, the determinants of the four cost-benefit sets are varied, although there is some overlap between sets. Explanations of these findings and implications for future research and for the delivery of family planning services to teenagers are suggested.The authors names are listed alphabetically. The work reported herein was supported by an NICHD grant No. 1 R01-HD-1485-01. Direct all communication to Debra Kalmuss, Center for Population and Family Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10032. 相似文献
223.
Marital Role Ideals and Perception of Marital Role Behavior in Distressed and Non Distressed Couples
Eighty non-patient couples, 50 couples seeking sex therapy, and 50 couples seeking marital therapy, were asked to report on whom they felt should and who actually does assume responsibility in eight major marital role areas. When the degree of individual “role strain”, that is, the discrepancy between role ideals and role behavior was examined, the marital therapy patients were found to be experiencing the most role strain. Husband-wife discrepancies with respect to who does have the various role assignments were found to be higher in the marital therapy couples. These data are interpreted in terms of their implications for diagnosis and treatment of sexually and maritally distressed couples. 相似文献
224.
Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics supports predictions from the minority vulnerability thesis concerning the determinants of job layoffs among African Americans and Whites who work in upper-middle-class occupations. Specifically, after controlling for seniority, layoffs for African Americans are relatively unstructured by traditional stratification-based causal factors, namely, background socioeconomic status, human-capital credentials, and job/labor market characteristics. Analyses also indicate that racial differences in the determinants of layoffs are more pronounced in nonservice-based than service-based firms in the private sector and in the private sector relative to the public sector. 相似文献
225.
Debra Flanders Cushing 《Planning Practice and Research》2016,31(2):154-173
Communities across the globe are focusing on the needs of young people and their families in an effort to create child- and youth-friendly cities. In an attempt to become more child and youth friendly, over 40 communities in the United States have developed youth master plans (YMPs), as of 2009; however, our understanding of these plans is limited. To broaden this understanding, this research employed a multiple-methods approach, including an online questionnaire, plan analysis and semi-structured interviews with key community informants. Findings show that YMPs often focus on collaboration among community entities and youth participation, yet include only general normative statements regarding the physical environment. Furthermore, urban planners do not typically take the lead in development of YMPs, and, in some cases, are not involved at all. To inform and improve future YMPs, this paper recommends greater focus on the physical environment, particularly in relation to safety, access to nature and sustainable transportation. 相似文献
226.
Kennedy C Kassab O Gilkey D Linnel S Morris D 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2008,57(2):191-195
OBJECTIVE AND PARTICIPANTS: The authors evaluated psychosocial factors of stress and their effects on the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among a population of college students in a major university in Colorado. METHODS: This was a nested cross-sectional study of 973 respondents who completed the National College Health Assessment survey. The authors evaluated a subset of questions pertaining to psychosocial stressors against the presence of LBP. RESULTS: The annual prevalence of LBP among the population studied was 42.8%. The stressful psychosocial variables of feeling very sad, exhausted, and overwhelmed were associated with the prevalence of LBP. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LBP among this younger population is significant and understudied. 相似文献
227.
Lindstrom-Hazel D 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2008,31(1):83-93
As clinicians are searching for evidence to support their practice interventions, it is sometimes hard to find the "real-world" studies that incorporate the complexities of actual practice. Following calls in the public health, nursing and medical literature for clinicians to participate in practice-based evidence, this pilot study explores the effectiveness of a single-subject design for practice-based evidence. Twenty-five "well" university employees participated in an ergonomic intervention over the course of one academic semester that consisted of a 15 min ergonomic intake session, a 45 min group hands-on ergonomic educational session and a 15 min individual ergonomic consult in their offices. Participants were sent postural comfort surveys weekly and their subjective ratings were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention to decrease their perceived postural discomfort at a computer work station. Twenty-one of the twenty-five participants reported an improvement in postural comfort over the course of the study. This pilot study suggests that further investigation needs to be conducted to determine the effectiveness of hands-on ergonomic education and consultation for well populations working at computer workstations. 相似文献
228.
Amy K. Fisher Debra J. Moore Chris Simmons Susan C. Allen 《Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment》2017,27(4):346-355
Understanding microaggressions can aid learners in exploring the complexity of contemporary racism. The concept of microaggressions refers to subtle acts of discrimination stemming from various individual and societal factors that combine to perpetuate often unintentional and unconscious acts of racism. Although much is known about microaggressions, there are few educational tools on the subject described in the literature, particularly within the field of social work. We have developed a workshop to be used with both social work students and professionals on how to recognize and interrupt microaggressions. The workshop content includes a biopsychosocial framework for understanding subtle racism. 相似文献
229.
230.
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use is a common feature of modern social work practice. Concerns about the problematic use of such substances cross all areas of social work practice, including adults' and children's social care. In England, surveys have highlighted social workers' experiences of AOD education during their qualifying social work training. However, this study sought the perspectives of the social work educators. Its primary aim was to explore the nature and extent of education on AODs on the qualifying social work programmes in England. Using an online survey tool, all qualifying social work programme leads were invited to take part (n = 157). Fewer than half responded (40%, n = 63). Initial findings appeared positive suggesting that 94% of responding qualifying programmes provided some teaching and learning on AODs. Further analysis revealed significant variation in what is taught and the depth of coverage. It highlighted a lack of consistency across programmes and possible over-reporting. However, the majority of respondents felt that teaching and learning on AOD use should be a higher priority for their qualifying social work programmes. 相似文献