Les plateformes de travail numérique et l‘évolution de la main-d‘œuvre en ligne en Fédération de Russie: une analyse sur dix ans

Les auteurs décrivent l'évolution du marché du travail indépendant en ligne en Fédération de Russie et dans l'espace postsoviétique. Les données proviennent d'une enquête originale, adressée à quatre reprises, entre 2009 et 2019, aux utilisateurs d'une grande plateforme d'intermédiation en langue russe, axée sur les métiers créatifs et l'économie du savoir. Plusieurs tendances se dégagent: expansion de l'aire de recrutement; diversification des spécialisations; féminisation, vieillissement et qualification de la main-d'œuvre; péjoration de l'adéquation profil-tâches; consolidation des parcours indépendants en ligne, plateformisation et formalisation. Les auteurs commentent ces évolutions et formulent des recommandations d'action en vue du développement futur du secteur en Fédération de Russie.     

The Leningrad Martyrology: A Statistical Note on the 1937 Executions in Leningrad City and Region

This article examines the August-December 1937 executions of the Great Terror in Leningrad city and region. The work is based on a sample of 784 out of 16,062 listings of victims available in volumes 1 through 4 of Leningradskii martirolog, a recent archive-based publication, and on the results of the 1937 and 1939 all-Union censuses. The victims are analyzed by ethnicity, birthplace, age, occupation, status and party membership. This analysis suggests that executions hit those individuals designated as non-Russians, above all the Poles, especially hard. Middle-aged persons were the most frequent execution target, compared to a low proportion of people under 20 and a relatively large share of seniors. Individuals of lower social standing and occupational skills comprised the majority of the victims, even though government administrators and the intelligentsia figured noticeably among the executed. Party members probably suffered more heavily than the rest of the population; yet their status and occupations did not neatly fit a notion of social elite. Overall, this article confirms the importance of the ethnic dimension of the terror revealed in recent historiography. The article shows the elite as a secondary target of the August-December 1937 executions or at least suggests that the understanding of a Soviet elite needs refinement.     

Predicting Indonesian Journalists' Use of Public Relations-Generated News Material

Abstract

The news media are the main channel for public relations practitioners to get messages across to their publics. In recent years, little research was conducted on predicting journalists' use of public relations news material. As the largest Southeast Asian and the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia presents a complex media and public relations environment. This study found fundamental tenets in journalism, however, which remain the most important factors in predicting the use and acceptance of public relations-generated news materials. At the same time, however, business interests have highly significant effect on journalists. Informal relations can also influence their use.     

Sociodemographic Determinants of Occupational Risks of Exposure to COVID‐19 in Canada

The activities performed by Canadian workers in some occupations may increase the risk of exposure to infectious diseases such as COVID‐19. This research note explores how occupational exposure risks vary by labor force characteristics using publicly available Canadian data in combination with a data set providing information on the level of physical proximity and frequency of exposure to infections or diseases faced by workers in different occupations. The results show important sociodemographic differences. First, women work in occupations associated with significantly higher average risks of exposure to COVID‐19 than men. This is driven by their overrepresentation in high‐risk broad occupational categories such as health occupations. Second, older workers (65 years or more), a group vulnerable to COVID‐19, appear to work in occupations requiring performing activities characterized by a lower level of physical proximity than their younger colleagues, with minimal differences in the frequency of exposure to diseases or infections. Finally, workers in low‐income occupations are employed in occupations that put them at greater risk of exposure to COVID‐19 than other workers. This is especially the case for women, immigrants, and members of visible minority groups in low‐income occupations. More broadly, this research note provides insights into the health‐related dimension of the literature on occupational tasks and labor market stratification.     

Fast and exact simulation of Gaussian random fields defined on the sphere cross time

Statistics and Computing - We provide a method for fast and exact simulation of Gaussian random fields on the sphere having isotropic covariance functions. The method proposed is then extended to...     

PARTICIPATORY SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT TOOLS

Different types of spatial knowledge (expert, sectoral, tacit and community) are strategic resources in urban planning and management. Participatory spatial knowledge management is a major method for eliciting various types of knowledge, providing a platform for knowledge integration and informing local action and public policy. Knowledge types linked to a specific geographical locality can be integrated through geographical information systems. Recent developments in geographical information and communication technology (geoICT) have extended the opportunities for participatory spatial knowledge production, use and exchange. However, data reliability of user-generated content, social exclusion due to dependence on technology and the interpretation and implications of digital maps are major concerns. The challenge is how to integrate and utilize multiple knowledge sources for improving urban management and governance. This paper integrates the literature on knowledge types and knowledge production processes with available geoICT tools for the production, use and exchange of knowledge sources and applies it to examples from Asia, Africa and Latin America. From this review, we provide a heuristic framework for assessing the extent to which participatory spatial knowledge management tools can be instrumental on several fronts. We argue that technological developments of knowledge production have not fully addressed important issues related to accountability, empowerment, control and use of knowledge. Moreover, these developments may foster social exclusion, which could detract from the benefits of participatory spatial knowledge management in the context of urban sustainability.     

《易经》研究与吉狄马加诗歌翻译——美国翻译家梅丹理先生访谈录

论文针对吉狄马加诗歌翻译研究中遇到的一些问题,采访了当代著名汉学家、诗歌翻译家、诗人梅丹理先生。梅丹理先生重点阐释了《易经》研究对其解读诗歌意象的重要启示,并围绕吉狄马加其人其诗、诗歌音乐性、个人民族诗歌翻译方法、成果,以及民族诗学研究的重要意义和自己未来的研究计划等问题表达了自己的观点。这些真知灼见不仅为吉狄马加诗歌翻译个案研究提供了宝贵的资料,同时也为长期受冷落的当代民族诗歌翻译与研究带来了信心和希望。     

Does the Representation of Household Behavior Matter for Welfare Analysis of Tax-benefit Policies? An Introduction

A widely shared intuition holds that individual control over money matters for the decision process within the household and the subsequent distribution of resources and welfare. As a consequence, there are good reasons to depart from the unitary model of the household and to explore the possibilities offered by models of the family accounting for several decision makers in the household and for the potential impact of tax reforms on the balance of power. This paper summarizes both the methodological and empirical findings presented in the next three papers of this special issue of the Review of the Economics of the Household. This series of contributions primarily entails a concrete comparison of the policy implications of the choice between the unitary and a particular multi-person representation: the collective representation. On the one hand, it suggests a methodology to implement the collective model of labor supply in a realistic context where participation is modeled together with working hours, and where the full tax-benefit system is accounted for. On the other hand, the empirical part relies on comprehensive simulations of tax reforms in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, and allows to quantify the distortions that may affect policy recommendations based on the unitary model.