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261.
262.
Derek A. Roff 《Researches on Population Ecology》1994,36(2):145-150
Wing dimorphism appears in general to be determined either by a single locus, 2 allele system in which brachyptery is dominant,
or by the additive action of numerous loci. In the latter case studies indicate that the heritability is typically quite large.
It is generally postulated that wing dimorphism is under strong selection: why then is genetic variation not eroded? In this
paper I consider three possible explanations. First, genetic variation may not be exposed to selection because environmental
heterogeneity effectively makes heritability zero. Because wing dimorphisms are known to evolve it seems unlikely that this
is the primary factor. Second, directional selection on a threshold trait may push the population almost to monomorphism but
erodes genetic variance at a very slow rate. This mechanism cannot preserve variation but makes it possible for other factors
to more easily maintain variability. Finally, I demonstrate that in a heterogeneous environment spatio-temporal variation
in fitness will itself maintain a genetic polymorphism for wing dimorphism.
This paper is dedicated to Professor Sinzo Masaki, whose work on the evolution of wing dimorphism and diapause has been so
important to our understanding of the evolution of dimorphic variation. 相似文献
263.
Defining child maltreatment: a multidisciplinary overview 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
264.
265.
This paper looks at the issue of adoption by foster carers and in particular its financial aspects. The findings stem from a wider study of remuneration and performance in foster care. Drawing on a survey of 1181 foster carers, this paper examines the characteristics of those who have considered adoption. The outcomes of such consideration, including the part played by financial concerns and anticipated loss of support in decisions to proceed with adoption or not, are also examined. The findings reveal a significant level of interest in adoption on the part of foster carers, to which three particular sets of characteristics are found to be associated. First, interest is greater among those more extensively involved in foster care in terms of experience, specialisms and range of placements offered. Second, it is associated with relatively less concern with payment and less ‘professional’ views of foster care. Third, there is evidence that adoption is more commonly pursued by those who feel less valued by social workers. Fears of losing financial help and support were cited as reasons by more than half of all foster carers who had considered but not pursued adoption. 相似文献
266.
This paper describes the development of an anti‐oppressive ethics and values module appropriate for the new social work degree. It is contended that there has been insufficient attention paid to ethics teaching in social work education generally in the UK, and in particular there has been:
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?failure to develop discrete modules on ethics and values in social work;
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?minimal critique of conventional ethics with social work values that take oppression and diversity seriously;
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?insufficient use of recent feminist ethical contributions relevant to social work;
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?limited development of interprofessional ethics teaching that take service user and social work values seriously; and
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?neglect of ethical decision‐making guides that can encompass legal, ethical and social work values.
267.
Derek Hook 《Social Dynamics》2013,39(3):438-460
How might we read temporality, that is, the psychical and social experience of time, as an index of the prevailing political and intersubjective impasses of the apartheid and post-apartheid eras? This paper explores three perspectives on this broad problematic. Achille Mbembe’s thoughts on repetition and nostalgia provide, firstly, a means of understanding one characteristically post-apartheid mode of temporality: that of suspended history. Crapanzano’s notion of waiting, elaborated as a means of grasping the white anxiety of the late apartheid period, allows us, secondly, to conceptualise the de-realised experience of a muted or deadened time. A third source, an unpublished text contributed to the Apartheid Archive concerning a fantasised scene of violence, enables us to sketch a third form of temporal experience common to apartheid and post-apartheid experiences alike, namely that of imagined retribution. These ostensibly separate and distinct modes of temporality can be read as interlocking forms of “petrified life,” a term I use to link temporalities of immobilisation characterised by suspension, stasis and fear. 相似文献
268.
Elizabeth Freeman 《Journal of homosexuality》2016,63(3):329-348
ABSTRACTFor this contribution to the special issue on “Mapping Queer Bioethics,” the author offers a reflection on the nature of the literary, written word as the ethically fraught site of queer bioethics. By invoking the historical tendencies and tropes of the clinical case history alongside a seminal text by Gertrude Stein, the author at once asks if we should liberate a queer bioethics from biomedical discourse via mainstream narrative; or if we should see this strategy as unavoidably housed in narrative forms of storytelling because it echoes the tropes and stakes of the clinical, pathologized case history as regards queer sensibilities. 相似文献
269.
Stefanie Doucette Derek D. Reed Helena Maguire Heidi Marquardt 《Journal of Organizational Behavior Management》2013,33(3):263-269
The present study investigated the impact of an antecedent intervention in the form of a daily posted schedule on the interobserver agreement (IOA) assessment of educational goals implemented within a classroom at a private school serving individuals with disabilities. During baseline, the percentage of academic goals with interobserver agreement was low and stable (M?=?5%). Teacher performance improved during the intervention (M?=?92%). A reversal replicated this effect and performance maintained during 6-week, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up probes. Results suggest a daily posted schedule can effectively increase interobserver agreement assessment by direct-care teaching staff. 相似文献
270.
Abstract Much research into work-related stress is based on retrospective self-reports, whereas records made at the time could be more valuable. In this study the primary components of two models of work stress, Karasek's demand-control (DC) model and Siegrist's effort-reward imbalance (ERI), were assessed in trained nurses using ambulatory diaries and traditional questionnaire methods. The diaries were entered on small hand-held computers and the method used has been termed ecological momentary assessment (EMA), in which recordings are made in real time in the working environment. The participants were 36 nurses who completed standardized questionnaires evaluating ERI, strain (from DC model), and, over three shifts, computerized behavioural diaries that measured effort-demand, control, reward, and stress every 90 minutes on average, enabling determination of strain and ERI repeatedly in the work situation. A total of 674 observations were recorded. Using multilevel linear modelling, it was found that the questionnaire and computerized diary derived measures of strain (DC) and ERI were reliably correlated. In addition, the ambulatory measures of both strain (DC) and ERI correlated with ratings of stress taken at the same time. From this study it would appear that ambulatory diaries could be a powerful and flexible way of assessing work related stress and its putative determinants in a real life work setting. 相似文献