The Division of Labor Across the Transition to Parenthood: A Justice Perspective

In a three‐wave longitudinal survey among 293 couples, we studied the determinants of husbands' and wives' fairness judgments regarding the division of labor across the transition to parenthood. We tested predictions derived from the distributive justice framework that perceptions of fairness regarding the division of labor are affected by (a) wants and values, (b) social comparisons, and (c) procedural justice. The model was supported for wives at all waves. For husbands, wants and values and social comparisons were the main predictors of fairness perceptions. In general, the model was consistently supported across the transition to parenthood. Support was also found for the long‐term influence of the variables in the model on husbands' and wives' perceptions of fairness across the transition to parenthood.     

Child Labour Migration and Trafficking in Rural Burkina Faso

These labourers are frequently youths of 14 or 15 with no previous experience of work or conditions in the south, who leave their homes without the knowledge or consent of their parents. In some cases written agreements are made but in most cases it is only verbal. Labourers go of their own free will but in many cases they are deceived as to their destination and nature of the work. The system is open to grave abuse and there is already evidence of an undesirable type of recruiter in some of the larger towns. There is little doubt that the terms of whatever contract are frequently not observed by the employers who take advantage of the ingenuousness of the labourers (VanHear, 1982: 502) - 1930s, Ghana, extract from a colonial report on child labour on cocoa farms.     

Covariate adjustment in partial least squares (PLS) regression for the extraction of the spatial–temporal pattern from positron emission tomography data

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be used to study the effects of pharmacologic intervention on brain function. Partial least squares (PLS) regression is a standard tool that can be applied to characterize such effects throughout the brain volume and across time. We have extended the PLS regression methodology to adjust for covariate effects that may influence spatial and temporal aspects of the functional image data over the brain volume. The extension involves multi-dimensional latent variables, experimental design variables based upon sequential PET scanning, and covariates. An illustration is provided using a sequential PET data set acquired to study the effect of d-amphetamine on cerebral blood flow in baboons. An iterative algorithm is developed and implemented and validation results are provided through computer simulation studies.     

Analyzing BSE Transmission to Quantify Regional Risk

As a result of consumer fears and political concerns related to BSE as a risk to human health, a need has arisen recently for more sensitive methods to detect BSE and more accurate methods to determine BSE incidence. As a part of the development of such methods, it is important to be able to identify groups of animals with above-average BSE risk. One of the well-known risk factors for BSE is age, as very young animals do not develop the disease, and very old animals are less likely to develop the disease. Here, we analyze which factors have a strong influence on the age distribution of BSE in a population. Building on that, we develop a simple set of calculation rules for classifying the BSE risk in a given cattle population. Required inputs are data on imports and on the BSE control measures in place over the last 10 or 20 years.     

Migration in market and democracy transition: Migration intentions and behavior in Romania

This paper analyzes the determinants of migration decision-making in the context of recent market and democratic transition in Romania. Using early 1990s internal migration survey, census and population register data, the results from Lisrel path models show that market and democracy value orientation variables are significant determinants of intentions to move, controlling for individual and regional social structural and resource indicators. Similarly, district-level out-migration behavior is directly determined by the political profile of the local area. Results from the total and disaggregated rural and urban models are interpreted through a reform values and characteristics typology of migrants. At least in the early stages of Romanian transition, the results indicate that migration choice behavior is governed by a search for places with greatest opportunities in terms of market and democracy returns. Implications of the results for political system and public policy decision are discussed.     

研究性学习与素质教育的耦合与互动发微

研究性学习与素质教育的基本要义是大体相同的 ,都强调面向全体学生 ,强调学生的自主性与主体性。研究性学习蕴含着素质教育的内涵与理念。研究性学习与素质教育既有耦合性 ,又互相促进 ,相得益彰。研究性学习是实施素质教育的途径与方法 ,而素质教育则是研究性学习的基础与前提。因此 ,开展素质教育可借助研究性学习 ,而实施研究性学习则可依托素质教育。     

论文化常识在翻译中的作用

虽然译者不能仅凭词典中的释义来确定具体一篇文章中某词的准切意义 ,但是它对译者理解原文仍然有参考的作用。在作翻译工作时 ,不仅要深刻 ,准确理解原文含义 ,还要摆脱原文的束缚 ,然后尽可能在译入语中找到对等词来表达。本文通过对Government一词在不同语境中表达不同所指意义的分析 ,说明了翻译工作的成败 ,不仅依赖于英文功底深厚 ,很大程度上还取决于译者对英语国家及译入语国家文化常识的了解程度。     

Gaining Satisfaction? An Exploration of Foster-Carers' Attitudes to Payment

The payment of foster-carers has long been controversial, reflectingboth philosophical debates as to whether fostering should bea voluntaristic or professional activity and concerns aboutplacement provision and service delivery for children. Althoughmany research studies have touched upon the question of foster-carers’satisfaction with payments, this has not been explored in anydepth. Drawing on findings from a study involving 1,181 foster-carersin twenty-one agencies, this article attempts to provide suchan analysis with four main objectives. These comprised: examiningassociations between attitudes towards payment and demographic,socio-economic and fostering career variables; comparing responsesbetween carers based in local authorities (grouped accordingto levels of payment and performance criteria) and independentagencies (IFAs); gauging the influence of carers’ ‘orientations’towards foster-care as a ‘professional’ task; andanalysing payments in terms of their different components, suchas fees, maintenance and certain designated expenses. Amongmany detailed findings to emerge were the generally low levelof satisfaction among local authority carers, especially incomparison with their IFA counterparts and the growing supportamong carers for salaried status. There was mixed evidence onlinks between attitudes towards remuneration and the performanceof agencies.