The role of migrant networks in linking local labour markets: the case of Asian Indian migration to New York and London

Social networks have long been identified as crucial to migration flows and the economic behaviour of immigrants. Much of the literature on international migration and economic sociology specifically focuses on the role of interpersonal ties in influencing migration and economic action, such as finding employment. Using the case of Gujarati Indian migration to New York and London, the life histories of these immigrants illustrate that specific configurations of network ties result in different migration flows and occupational outcomes. These configurations include organizational, composite, and interpersonal ties that link local labour markets transnationally and channel immigrants to particular destinations and into particular occupations. The findings clarify the role and meaning of networks as they affect different types of migration and the occupational outcomes of migrants. The prominence of these network mechanisms also challenges the role of human capital in producing distinct outcomes for immigrants.     

Holding Mutual Vulnerability in Brilliant Sanity

Others’ suffering impacts the body-mind of the clinician, thus exposing his or her own vulnerability during the encounter. Self-defensive reactions naturally arise, probably reflecting one’s own embodied relational history and thus the difficulty to hold difficult affects. Reflecting on some contemplative aspects of Francisco Varela’s life, this paper explores how mindfulness and compassion practice may help therapists in establishing an open and nondissociated relation toward inner and intersubjective worlds. It suggests how particular qualities of being present may act as implicit modeling to mutually regulate and integrate experience. A clinical case investigates the interest of acknowledging mutual embodied vulnerability co-emerging in the encounter, fostering the therapeutic space potential for deep dialogue, connection, and mutual transformation.     

Social Justice in Career Services: Perspectives of University Career Center Directors

Research indicates that career development practitioners value social justice and desire additional skills to be able to advocate effectively. Many of these practitioners work on college campuses under the supervision of career center directors; however, directors' perspectives on social justice have been missing from the literature. Following the National Career Development Association's mandate to actively practice the professional value of honoring diversity and promoting social justice, we surveyed 11 career center directors regarding advocacy in career services. Results of thematic analysis yielded center directors' insights into both defining and promoting social justice. Participants addressed the roles and responsibilities of career counselors, career center directors, and institutional culture. Implications for practice include the importance of open communication and the need for collaboration inside and outside of the career center. These findings highlight potential areas for future research into best practices for integrating social justice and advocacy in university career services.     

Resource Dependence In Non-profit Organizations: Is It Harder To Fundraise If You Diversify Your Revenue Structure?

This article explores how fundraising efficiency is affected by changes in diversification of revenues in non-profit organizations. It uses random effect regression and Arellano–Bond models to study this phenomenon in a sample of 10358 US non-profits during the 1997–2007 period. We find a negative impact on fundraising efficiency when NPOs alter their locus of dependence and change their pattern of diversification. This effect is impacted by organizational size and industry. Previous studies have suggested that income heterogeneity is associated with organizational stability and financial strength. Using a change (versus level) model of funding diversity, our work shows that increased diversification leads to a higher operational inefficiency that could be penalized by potential donors.     

Short- and long-term effects of site factors on net N-mineralization and nitrification rates along an urban-rural gradient

Long- and short-term effects of urban site factors on net N-mineralization and nitrification rates were investigated in oak stands along an urban-rural land-use transect in the New York City metropolitan area. We used reciprocal transplants of undisturbed soil cores between urban and rural forests to determine the relative importance of long-term effects (mor vs. mull soils, quality of soil organic matter, and deposition of N) vs. short-term effects (soil temperature) of urban factors in controlling field N-transformation rates along the gradient. In addition, undisturbed soil cores from surface (A, Oe horizons) and subsurface (B horizon) soil were collected from urban, suburban, and rural stands and allowed to incubate in these respective sites to compare the net effect of all urban factors with transplanted-core results. The transplant experiment revealed that soil type (long-term) affected net N-mineralization and nitrification rates. Urban soils nitrified nearly 6.3 and 5.4 times more than rural soils incubating in urban and rural stands, respectively (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). Similarly, in rural stands total accumulation of inorganic N was 87% higher in urban than in rural soils, whereas in urban stands, urban soils mineralized 83% more N than rural soils (p = 0.043 and 0.08, respectively). Comparing soils incubating in their native locations, urban soils incubating in urban stands mineralized more than 2.5 times the amount of N than rural soils incubating in the rural stands (p = 0.019). By contrast, urban soils incubating in urban stands exhibited a 8-fold increase in nitrification over rural soils incubating in rural stands (p = 0.008). As with the transplanted cores, the urban and suburban environments had a positive effect on net rates of N-mineralization and nitrification in both surface and subsurface layers of soil. The surface layer of suburban and urban stands had a 3- and 2.3-fold higher accumulation of net inorganic N than rural stands (ANOVA, p = 0.05). Similarly, in the subsurface layer both urban and suburban stands had 2.6-fold higher net N-mineralization rate than rural stands (ANOVA, p = 0.01). Along this urban-rural gradient, soils in oak stands exhibit higher net nitrification and, to a lesser extent, net N-mineralization rates in urban and suburban stands than in rural stands. Results from the transplant experiment and in situ measurements of surface and subsurface soil indicate that long-term effects (mor vs. mull soils, N deposition) contribute to the higher N-transformation rates in urban and suburban stands. As a result of these effects, urban and suburban stands have the potential for higher losses of N than rural stands.     

Condorcet efficiency: A preference for indifference

The Condorcet winner in an election is the candidate who would be able to defeat all other candidates in a series of pairwise elections. The Condorcet efficiency of a voting procedure is the conditional probability that it will elect the Condorcet winner, given that a Condorcet winner exists. The study considers the Condorcet efficiency of weighted scoring rules (WSR's) on three candidates for large electorates when voter indifference between candidates is allowed. It is shown that increasing the proportion of voters who have partial indifference will increase the probability that a Condorcet winner exists, and will also increase the Condorcet efficiency of all WSR's. The same observation is observed when the proportion of voters with complete preferences on candidates is reduced. Borda Rule is shown to be the WSR with maximum Condorcet efficiency over a broad range of assumptions related to voter preferences. The result of forcing voters to completely rank all candidates, by randomly breaking ties on candidates that are viewed as indifferent, leads to a reduction in the probability that a Condorcet winner exists and to a reduction in the Condorcet efficiency of all WSR's. Received: 31 July 1999/Accepted: 11 February 2000     

PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION IN COMMON COUPLE DANCES

This paper integrates the object relations concept of projective identification and the systemic concept of marital dances to develop a more powerful model for working with more difficult and distressed couples. This integrated model explains how some couples use the defenses of splitting and projective identification to externalize and transpose internal conflicts into interpersonal conflicts in five common marital dances. The author suggests how object relations techniques can be used to interrupt the projective identifications, help clients to reown their disowned and projected affects and resolve the conflict on the intrapsychic level so that the marital dance is no longer necessary to resolve the intrapsychic issues.     

Public relations as “practice:” applying the theory of Alasdair MacIntyre

Public relation’s search for a unifying theory may be fulfilled through application of Alasdair MacIntyre’s concept of a “practice,” a very specific and value-laden concept. This article explores what it would mean to be a public relations practice in MacIntyre’s concept of the term and argues that such an approach to public relations is of value for the field.     

“How to wind the clock of the day?” Solo living phenomena and the various stabilities of home

The domestic home is usually theorized as negotiated and structured space-time and as an emotional attachment to people and places. However, the increasing number of people living on their own brings about the question of how home is experienced, embodied, and narrated by solo-living individuals, especially in terms of ordering and stability under the flexible and fluid nature of some other realms, such as paid work. Following the affordance approach in studies of home, our aim is to integrate research on practices, materialities, and narratives of domestic homes. Our main question concerns how home is perceived, experienced, and performed by childless solo-living people and how they understand the stability of their dwelling—one of the main characteristics of home in social theory. To broaden this “traditional” concept of home, we build upon the emphasis on stability with the notion of flow, as presented by Deleuze and Guattari, along with the concept of boundary work, to describe the processes of delineation between these two from the level of mundane “doings.” Through in-depth interviews conducted using the go-along technique, combined with walking through the dwellings and some of the neighborhoods, we explore the ambivalence of stability, permanence, and temporariness, and the interconnection between materialities and meanings. The appropriation of space and time enables solo-living people to dwell comfortably, while also materializing and stabilizing the sometimes unwanted state of singleness or living alone. In contrast, the unfinished nature of some homes indicates a provisional state of being, pointing out that the current situation is still not satisfactory, being more open to change; however, it might lead to permanent living in unpleasant or even un-homey homes.