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21.
Michael S. Lane D.B.A. Ali H. Mansour Ph.D. Dieter L. Schaupp D.B.A. Khalid A. Muttar Ph.D. 《International Journal of Value-Based Management》1989,2(2):49-61
This study uses a sample comprised of U.S. students and Iraqi students to determine if differences occur over ethical perceptions based on cultural/demographic issues. Irrespective of demographics, the results of this study indicate significant cultural differences between Iraqi students and American students with regard to selected ethical issues concerning graduate education. Specifically the differences occurred in the students' perceptions of winning is everything, selling one's soul, logic before emotion, and pander to professors. Iraqi students consistently viewed these beliefs as more necessary for success in their graduate education than did their American counterparts. 相似文献
22.
Hall Matthew J. Burns Alicia L. Martin John M. Hochuli Dieter F. 《Urban Ecosystems》2020,23(4):785-791
Urban Ecosystems - Urbanisation is a major land use change that introduces novel sources of disturbance and risk into an ecosystem. Successful urban species modify their fear behaviour in response... 相似文献
23.
Nicole Baumann Julia Jaekel Linda Breeman Peter Bartmann Josef G. Buml Mihai Avram Christian Sorg Dieter Wolke 《Infancy》2019,24(5):768-786
Regulatory problems in infancy and toddlerhood have previously been associated with an increased risk of developing attention problems in childhood. We hypothesized that early regulatory problems are associated with attention problems via reduced inhibitory control. This prospective study assessed 1,459 children from birth to 8 years. Crying, feeding, and sleeping problems were assessed at 5 and 20 months via parent interviews and neurological examinations. At 20 months, inhibitory control was tested with a behavioral (snack delay) task. Attention regulation was assessed at 6 and 8 years using multiple instruments and informants. Detrimental effects of crying, feeding, and sleeping problems on attention regulation were partly mediated by children's ability to inhibit unwanted behaviors (β = ?0.04, p = 0.013). Accounting for cognition diminished this indirect effect (β = ?0.01, p = 0.209). Instead, the effects of crying, feeding, and sleeping problems on attention regulation were fully mediated by children's cognitive functioning (β = ?0.10, p < 0.001). These results support that inhibitory control abilities partly mediate effects of crying, feeding, and sleeping problems. However, these effects may be accounted for by children's general cognitive abilities. Early regulatory problems may set infants on a course of under control of behavior into school age, and such trajectories are highly associated with general cognitive development. 相似文献
24.
It is generally found that overeducated (undereducated) workers earn less (more) than adequately educated workers with similar
years of education. We investigate the importance of ability and measurement error bias for these outcomes by applying a fixed-effects
instrumental variable approach on data for Flemish young workers. This approach results in substantially higher overeducation
penalties and undereducation bonusses than a standard random effects approach. This suggests that the upward bias resulting
from unobserved worker heterogeneity is more than compensated by the negative bias resulting from measurement error. Further,
we also find some evidence on heterogeneous effects of mismatches accross job levels and years of experience. 相似文献
25.
Urbanization is one of the most significant causes of habitat fragmentation on the planet, resulting in substantial losses
of biodiversity and disruptions to ecological processes. We examined the effects of urbanization on the diversity and abundance
of arboreal invertebrates in a dominant tree species (Angophora costata) in a highly urbanized landscape in Sydney, Australia, identifying the potential ecological consequences of shifts in diversity.
We hypothesized that trophic structure would be influenced by landscape context with a greater richness and abundance of invertebrates
in small remnants and edges. Canopy arthropods were sampled via beating from trees in 15 sites in three landscape contexts;
five large patches of continuous vegetation, five edges of large patches and five small urban remnants. Trees in large patches
supported fewer individuals compared to trees in small urban remnants and edge sites. The composition of assemblages and overall
trophic structure also differed between edges and large patches, with a greater abundance of grazing insects in edges. No
differences were detected between small urban remnants and edges, suggesting that observed differences might be attributed
to an edge effect as opposed to an area effect per se. These changes in trophic structure, revealing a greater abundance of grazing herbivores and a reduced abundance of predators
and parasitoids in edge sites, are consistent with work describing elevated levels of herbivory in edges of remnant vegetation.
Future management of remnant urban vegetation and associated biodiversity requires not only an understanding of how trophic
status influences the extent of responses by arboreal invertebrate communities, but also how these will affect ecosystem functioning. 相似文献
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28.
Four models of the public sphere in modern democracies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ferree Myra Marx Gamson William A. Gerhards Jürgen Rucht Dieter 《Theory and Society》2002,31(3):289-324
Theory and Society - 相似文献
29.
Christian Korunka Dieter Scharitzer Pascale Carayon Fran ois Sainfort 《Work and stress》2003,17(1):52-72
To date, few studies have focused on employee reactions to the quality-related aspects of the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on employee strain and satisfaction of the implementation NPM in a public service organization. The study was designed as an empirical examination of the 'context-dependent approach' ( Edwards, Collinson, & Rees, 1998 ). This approach suggests that effects of an organizational change depend on the context of the implementation, i.e. organizational aspects (implementation strategies), job content and job context dimensions. They employed a single-case longitudinal design. The case was a large municipal service unit responsible for the public housing system of a city in Austria. The sample consisted of 217 employees. Measurements were taken before the organizational change, and at two different times during the change process. While the implementation of NPM can be considered to have been an organizational success (increase in customer satisfaction), it was accompanied by increases in job strain, and, at the same time, mixed results in job satisfaction. Less qualified employees mainly responsible for the customer interface experienced the organizational change most negatively. Using structural equation modelling, the context-dependent approach was empirically confirmed. Job control, role clarity and information were found to be the most important job and organizational resources. 相似文献
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