Klingenberg structures and partial designs I: Congruence relations and solutions

We consider generalizations of projective Klingenberg and projective Hjelmslev planes, mainly (b, c)-K-structures. These are triples (φ, Π, Π′) where Π and Π′ are incidence structures and φ : Π → Π′ is an epimorphism which satisfies certain lifting axioms for double flags. The congruence relations of such triples are investigated, leading to nice factorizations of φ. Two integer invariants are associated with each congruence relation, generalizing a theorem of Kleinfeld on projective Hjelmslev planes. These invariants are completely characterized for a special class of triples: the balanced, minimally uniform neighbor cohesive (1,1)-K-structures. We show that a balanced neighbor cohesive (1,1)-K-structure Π “over” a PBIBD Π′ is again a PBIBD and compute its invariants. Several methods are given for constructing symmetric “divisible” PBIBD's on arbitrarily many classes.     

Interpolation,Glättung und Saisonbereinigung von Zeitreihen mit Splinefunktionen

This contribution explains the smoothing method with cubic splines with special regard to the problems of approximation for data points at the historical beginning and the actual end of time series. Seasonal adjustment using spline approximation will be shown. Numerical calculation and the discussion of the assumptions about stochastic disturbances require to distinguish between the spline approximation of data points for economic stock and flow variables. A numerical example for application will be presented for a monthly time series for car purchases in the Federal Republic of Germany. Finally, some properties of the smoothing method with splines in relation to a filter design will be discussed.     

流动性过剩的测度方法研究

 当前,流动性过剩问题成为中国经济乃至全球经济的一个重要特征，但是在查阅有关文献的同时，我们发现，对于流动性过剩的测度方法缺乏一定的研究。针对这种状况，欧洲中央银行的有关专家提出了四种测度流动性过剩的方法，分别是价格缺口法（price gap,或者称p*法）、真实货币缺口法（real money gap）、名义货币缺口法（nominal money gap）和货币过剩法（money overhang）。我们将这四种方法翻译出来，供大家了解和研究时使用。文章翻译自Thorsten Polleit 和 Dieter Gerdesmeier的《流动性过剩的测度方法》一文，个别部分进行了删节。     

Seasonal patterns of urban bird diversity in a Mediterranean coastal city: the positive role of open green spaces

Urban Ecosystems - Urbanization causes rapid changes in the landscape and land use, exerting a significant pressure on bird communities. The effect of urbanization on bird diversity has been widely...     

Identität im Wandel — aus psychoanalytischer Sicht

?Identity“ is seen as a very broad spread and unclear conception. In times of social and political changes powerful shifts of definitions and self-experiences of identity become apparent. Only since the fifties psychoanalytical theorists have dealt with the conception of identity, i.e. within a period of individual and social insecurity after the Second World War. An exploration of identity change of these days especially of the German society deals with external radical changes but also with intrapsychical changes, which can be connected with readjustment to nursing habits and with an often observed disapperance of paternal principles. ?Identity“ also deserves special attention as a spring hostility to foreigners and of antisemitism. There cannot be recommended a ?therapy“ against today’s difficulties of identity; instead it is importent to promote personal and public competence of thinking and reflection in favour of advantage of identity in its progressive and regressive movements.