REVIEWS

Boss, P. (2006). Loss, trauma and resilience: Therapeutic work with ambiguous loss .
Lebow, J. L. (Ed.). (2005). Handbook of clinical family therapy.
Selekman, M. (2005). Pathways to change: Brief therapy with difficult adolescents .     

Equality Management – Towards a Materialist Approach

Attempts to redefine equality initiatives to fit squarely within the enterprise culture serve only to mask an ongoing conceptual confusion in the area of equality management. This theoretical article attempts to show that this conceptual confusion lies within the narrowness of approaches which address labour market inequalities from both an equality of opportunity and an equality of outcome perspective. The inability of these perspectives to satisfactorily address systemic causes of labour market inequalities pulls our attention towards a more materialist approach which may be found (this side of a capitalist/patriarchal society) within an equality of condition frame of reference. This widens the perspective from which equality management can be pursued so that measures to address the differential distribution of resources, rewards, opportunities and treatment in the workplace are informed by all three equalities: opportunity, outcome and conditions. Such a theoretical approach is inevitably limited in that it only provides a framework for addressing those who are in paid employment, i.e. seeks to reform the capitalist/patriarchal system. However, by posing questions of the crucial pillars of such systems notably status, reward and with that power, the ‘long’ and ‘radical’ agendas of the equality project may once again be picked up.     

环保清洗剂——二氧化碳的妙用

全球日益变暖的危机使二氧化碳成为众矢之的,大家正为如何减少二氧化碳的排放而大伤脑筋,但二氧化碳除了用来制造汽水等碳酸饮料、保存食物或舞台特效的干冰,或做为灭火材料之外,难道没有其它利用价值吗？     

Organizational Uncertainty and Labor Contracts in China's Economic Transition

Lifetime employment was a cornerstone of the Chinese socialist system constructed under Mao. In this system, organizations served the function of social security, and as a result, many organizations were overburdened with bloated work forces and retirees that drew from organizational coffers well into old age. Labor contracts fundamentally alter this system, as they allow firms to end the socialist institution of lifetime employment. Yet there is significant variation on the institutionalization of labor contracts in organizations. Based on a sample of 81 firms in industrial Shanghai, I show that organizations that are experiencing uncertainty in the economic transition are more likely to institutionalize labor contracts on an organizationwide basis. There are two types of organizational uncertainty in the economic transition: economic uncertainty and administrative uncertainty. In cases of economic uncertainty, firms that lost money in 1990 and firms that are burdened by large forces of retired workers are more likely to place their workers on labor contracts. In the case of administrative uncertainty, firms that are at the highest levels of the industrial hierarchy are also significantly more likely to place their workers on labor contracts. Although these upper level firms were the most protected under the command economy, they are being forced to handle the greatest among the responsibilities in the economic transition, and as a result, they experience the greatest sense of being set adrift by the state.     

Meditation lowers stress and supports forgiveness among college students: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE AND PARTICIPANTS: The authors evaluated the effects on stress, rumination, forgiveness, and hope of two 8-week, 90-min/wk training programs for college undergraduates in meditation-based stress-management tools. METHODS: After a pretest, the authors randomly allocated college undergraduates to training in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; n = 15), Easwaran's Eight-Point Program (EPP; n = 14), or wait-list control (n = 15). The authors gathered pretest, posttest, and 8-week follow-up data on self-report outcome measures. RESULTS: The authors observed no post-treatment differences between MBSR and EPP or between posttest and 8-week follow-up (p > .10). Compared with controls, treated participants (n = 29) demonstrated significant benefits for stress (p < .05, Cohen's d = -.45) and forgiveness (p < .05, d = .34) and marginal benefits for rumination (p < .10, d = -.34). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that meditation-based stress-management practices reduce stress and enhance forgiveness among college undergraduates. Such programs merit further study as potential health-promotion tools for college populations.     

Patterns of abuse in male same-sex relationships

Previous studies of abuse in male same-sex relationships have been limited by convenience samples and/or by incomplete assessments of partner abuse. We examined patterns of same-sex partner abuse in a random sample of 284 gay and bisexual men. Respondents reported on perpetration and receipt of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse over multiple time frames, as well as injuries resulting from abuse. Almost all respondents reported psychological abuse, more than one-third reported physical abuse, and 10% reported having engaged in unwanted sexual activity because of partner force or threats of force. More than half of recipients of partner violence reported sustaining injury. We found strong associations between different forms of abuse, and between severity of abuse receipt and perpetration.     

数据驱动的电子健康服务管理研究：挑战与展望

 电子健康的产生和发展为解决现阶段医疗资源的紧缺和分配不均、医患关系紧张等问题提供了新的途径,同时也带来了新的问题和挑战,而当前关于该方向的基础理论和方法尚不完善,亟待研究者和实践者的关注和探索。结合国内外研究现状,对电子健康服务包含的4个主要方向(即健康大数据分析、基于数据的健康评估和疾病预警、服务管理和价值创造、服务管理实践)进行回顾和梳理,并对中国的研究和实践现状进行详细分析。        基于数据驱动的电子健康服务管理的实践和研究现状,对当前研究中存在的问题进行分析和总结,主要包括由于健康数据的多源性导致的信息管理问题、多参与方导致的服务管理问题和管理实践问题。在此基础上提出健康大数据分析方法、数据驱动的健康评估和疾病预警、基于大数据的电子健康服务过程和管理机制研究、基于大数据的电子健康可持续性价值创造机理研究和管理实践研究5个未来研究方向,健康大数据分析方法包括有偏样本数据检验和矫正方法、纵向研究中健康大数据分析方法、中文医疗信息处理,数据驱动的健康评估和疾病预警包括基于电子病历和移动医疗的个人健康评估和疾病预警、基于电子病历和社交媒体的群体疾病监测和预警,基于大数据的电子健康服务过程和管理机制研究包括用户决策、服务传递和服务管理,基于大数据的电子健康可持续性价值创造机理研究包括用户持续使用、反馈有效性,为今后的电子健康相关研究提供理论和实践指导。