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191.
Jean-François Laslier 《Social Choice and Welfare》2000,17(2):269-282
A social choice correspondence called the Essential set is studied with the help of an axiom called Cloning Consistency. Cloning consistency is the requirement that the formal choice rule be insensitive to the replication of alternatives. The
Essential set is the support of the optimal mixed strategies in a symmetric two-party electoral competition game.
Received: 24 March 1998/Accepted: 3 March 1999 相似文献
192.
We qualify a social choice correspondence as resolute when its set valued outcomes are interpreted as mutually compatible alternatives which are altogether chosen. We refer to
such sets as “committees” and analyze the manipulability of resolute social choice correspondences which pick fixed size committees.
When the domain of preferences over committees is unrestricted, the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem—naturally—applies. We show
that in case we wish to “reasonably” relate preferences over committees to preferences over committee members, there is no
domain restriction which allows escaping Gibbard–Satterthwaite type of impossibilities. We also consider a more general model
where the range of the social choice rule is determined by imposing a lower and an upper bound on the cardinalities of the
committees. The results are again of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite taste, though under more restrictive extension axioms. 相似文献
193.
In 1945, at the end of the Second World War, Albania had the highest fertility in Europe with an average of more than six live births per woman. However when Albania emerged from behind the 'olive curtain' in 1990, fertility had fallen to three children per woman, despite a pro-natalist environment and in the virtual absence of contraception and abortion. Nevertheless, after five decades, Albania's position at the top of the European fertility league remains unchanged. This paper documents the fertility transition in Albania during the period 1950-90 and places the demographic results in the context of recent socioeconomic and cultural change. 相似文献
194.
This study is an attempt to empirically detect the public opinion concerning majoritarian approval axiom. A social choice
rule respects majoritarian approval iff it chooses only those alternatives which are regarded by a majority of “voters” to
be among the “better half” of the candidates available. We focus on three social choice rules, the Majoritarian Compromise,
Borda’s Rule and Condorcet’s Method, among which the Majoritarian Compromise is the only social choice rule always respecting
majoritarian approval. We confronted each of our 288 subjects with four hypothetical preference profiles of a hypothetical
electorate over some abstract set of four alternatives. At each hypothetical preference profile, two representing the preferences
of five and two other of seven voters, the subject was asked to indicate, from an impartial viewpoint, which of the four alternatives
should be chosen whose preference profile was presented, which if that is unavailable, then which if both of the above are
unavailable, and finally which alternative should be avoided especially. In each of these profiles there is a Majoritarian
Compromise-winner, a Borda-winner and a Condorcet-winner, and the Majoritarian Compromise-winner is always distinct from both
the Borda-winner and the Condorcet-winner, while the Borda- and Condorcet-winners sometimes coincide. If the Borda- and Condorcet-winners
coincide then there are two dummy candidates, otherwise only one, and dummies coincide with neither of the Majoritarian Compromise-,
Borda- or Condorcet-winner. We presented our subjects with various types of hypothetical preference profiles, some where Borda
respecting majoritarian approval, some where it failed to do so, then again for Condorcet, some profiles it respected majoritarian
approval and some where it did not. The main thing we wanted to see was whether subjects’ support for Borda and Condorcet
was higher when this social choice rule respected majoritarian approval than it did not. Our unambiguous overall empirical
finding is that our subjects’ support for Borda and Condorcet was significantly stronger as they respect majoritarian approval. 相似文献
195.
As GARCH models and stable Paretian distributions have been revisited in the recent past with the papers of Hansen and Lunde
(J Appl Econom 20: 873–889, 2005) and Bidarkota and McCulloch (Quant Finance 4: 256–265, 2004), respectively, in this paper
we discuss alternative conditional distributional models for the daily returns of the US, German and Portuguese main stock
market indexes, considering ARMA-GARCH models driven by Normal, Student’s t and stable Paretian distributed innovations. We find that a GARCH model with stable Paretian innovations fits returns clearly
better than the more popular Normal distribution and slightly better than the Student’s t distribution. However, the Student’s t outperforms the Normal and stable Paretian distributions when the out-of-sample density forecasts are considered. 相似文献
196.
197.
Gilles Tremblay Richard E. Tremblay Jean-François Saucier 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2004,21(4):407-426
The absence or weakness of the father role is considered by many authors as one of the principal explaining factors of disruptive behavior and other psychopathologies among children. However, empirical studies on the specific role of the father are rare. Boys with stable disruptive behavior from age 5 until age 15 were compared to boys who have never been disruptive during the same time period. The perceptions that boys have regarding their relationships with their fathers from childhood to adolescence was compared to, perceptions concerning their relationships with their mothers. The results indicate that boys from both groups generally feel less loved and less appreciated by their fathers than by their mothers in adolescence but not in childhood. The boys perceived that their two parents love and appreciate them a lot less at age 15, than at age 9 and age 11. They felt less loved and appreciated by their fathers than their mothers. At age 15, disruptive boys considered they were less loved by their two parents than non-disruptive boys did. The differences in the perceptions by the boys concerning the quality of relationships with their parents appear during adolescence. 相似文献
198.
Andrea Wysocki Mary Butler Robert L. Kane Rosalie A. Kane Tetyana Shippee François Sainfort 《Journal of aging & social policy》2015,27(3):255-279
Despite a shift from institutional services toward more home and community-based services (HCBS) for older adults who need long-term services and supports (LTSS), the effects of HCBS have yet to be adequately synthesized in the literature. This review of literature from 1995 to 2012 compares the outcome trajectories of older adults served through HCBS (including assisted living [AL]) and in nursing homes (NHs) for physical function, cognition, mental health, mortality, use of acute care, and associated harms (e.g., accidents, abuse, and neglect) and costs. NH and AL residents did not differ in physical function, cognition, mental health, and mortality outcomes. The differences in harms between HCBS recipients and NH residents were mixed. Evidence was insufficient for cost comparisons. More and better research is needed to draw robust conclusions about how the service setting influences the outcomes and costs of LTSS for older adults. Future research should address the numerous methodological challenges present in this field of research and should emphasize studies evaluating the effectiveness of HCBS. 相似文献
199.
200.
The literature on stochastic voting to date has focused almost exclusively on models with only two candidates (or parties). This paper studies multiparty competition with stochastic voting. We look at two different models in which candidates aim to maximize their expected vote, as well as a model where the objective of candidates is rank minimization. The equilibria of these models are derived and characterized. We show that the properties of the equilibria are quite different from those derived in deterministic models. Furthermore, the analysis shows that deterministic voting models are not robust since the introduction of even a minute level of uncertainty leads to a drastic change in predictions. Consequently, we argue that the deterministic model provides a misleading benchmark. Stochastic models provide a much richer framework, and the nature of the uncertainty in voter choice is a key determinant of the qualtitative properties of the equilibria.The authors thank Martin Osborne and Maurice Salles for useful comments and suggestions. The first author would also like to thank the Bankard Fund for financial support. 相似文献