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51.
The article attempts to define the characteristics of students at the beginning of their social work studies in institutes of higher education in Israel, including demographic characteristics, motives for choosing the profession, perceptions about the profession, and commitment to the profession. The study was conducted among a sample of 450 students, all beginning their first academic year, at four social work schools in Israel. Study findings show a demographic range, such as: nationality, level of religiosity, and political attitudes. Findings indicate that three of these socio-demographic variables predict commitment to the profession at the onset of academic studies: psychometric score, level of religiosity, and previous academic learning experience. Findings indicate two profiles of novice students: students who choose to study social work out of a desire to bring about social change; and students who choose to engage only in clinical social work. The latter are not committed to the profession in its essence, but rather recognize the importance of its professional individual activities only. The article discusses these findings and implications with regard to both the social work profession and social work training. 相似文献
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Edith J. Barrett PhD 《Journal of aging & social policy》2013,25(3):218-233
A number of studies have followed the changes in the lives of public housing residents forced to relocate because of redevelopment. From 2002 to 2007, researchers followed the residents of a public housing development from the first year when residents learned of the pending demolition through 4 years of resettlement. Elder residents dispersed throughout the city provide insights into what life is like for low-income seniors leaving their homes and entering as strangers into new neighborhoods. The article concludes with recommendations for rethinking aging in place for poor elders. 相似文献
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The brain lesions associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are referred to as neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, are characterized by the presence of a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators. Surprisingly, these mediators, which include complement proteins, inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein and amyloid P, are produced by resident brain cells, including neurons. Although secondary to the fundamental pathology caused by the presence of tangles and plaques, there is strong evidence that inflammation exacerbates the neuronal loss. In particular, AD lesions show evidence of self-attack by the complement system--a part of the immune system that normally functions to rid the body of invading pathogens. However, the lesions are devoid of significant T cell infiltration, a hallmark of an inflammatory immune response, and antibodies. We define this phenomenon as autotoxicity to distinguish it from classical autoimmunity, in which the body raises antibodies to normal endogenous macromolecules. Locally produced inflammatory mediators have also been identified in atherosclerotic plaques, along with evidence of complement self-attack. As was previously shown for heart attacks, epidemiological evidence indicates that extended use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) results in a reduced risk of AD. NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandin inflammatory mediators, but powerful new therapeutic agents might be developed by targeting more critical inflammatory mechanisms, especially the complement system. 相似文献
55.
Changes in contraceptive use in Flanders are documented, largely though not solely using data from four surveys conducted between 1966 and 1983. Particular attention is paid to changes in the methods of contraception used. The contraceptive transition observed for Flanders is compared with information for other countries to assess whether a specific pattern can be delineated. 相似文献
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Leeuw Edith De; Callegaro Mario; Hox Joop; Korendijk Elly; Lensvelt-Mulders Gerty 《Public opinion quarterly》2007,71(3):413-443
Recently, the leading position of telephone surveys as the majormode of data collection has been challenged. Telephone surveyssuffer from a growing nonresponse, partly due to the generalnonresponse trend for all surveys and partly due to changesin society and technology influencing contactability and willingnessto answer. One way to counteract the increasing nonresponseis the use of an advance letter. In mail and face-to-face surveys,advance letters have been proven effective. Based on the proveneffectiveness in face-to-face and mail surveys, survey handbooksadvise the use of advance letters in telephone surveys. Thisstudy reviews the evidence for this advice and presents a quantitativesummary of empirical studies on the effectiveness of advanceletters in raising the response rate for telephone surveys.The major conclusion is that advance letters are also an effectivetool in telephone surveys, with an average increase in responserate (RR1) from 58 percent (no letter) to 66 percent (advanceletter), and an average increase in cooperation rate (COOP1)from 64 percent (no letter) to 75 percent (advance letter). 相似文献
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As computer networking becomes increasingly important, it is crucial to examine how this technology is used by the older generation. The present inquiry considers the nature and meaning of elder participation in cyberspace and the degree to which computer-mediated communication increases the social capital of older adults. The study compares 10 elder computer participants and 10 nonparticipants by means of open-ended interviews. Three primary themes emerged from the interviews. The first concerns the different conceptions of old age held by the cyber-participants and the nonparticipants, and in particular, differing views on learning capacity in later life. The second is related to the varying conceptions of time in old age, and orientation to the past or to the future. The third theme relates to the way in which the elderly persons involved in the virtual world relate to their computer, attributing human qualities to this new addition to their social network. 相似文献
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Burnout and Mental Health in Swiss Vocational Students: The Moderating Role of Physical Activity
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Markus Gerber Christin Lang Anne Karina Feldmeth Catherine Elliot Serge Brand Edith Holsboer‐Trachsler Uwe Pühse 《Journal of research on adolescence》2015,25(1):63-74
Few studies have focused on burnout among vocational students. This study examined the association between burnout and mental health among 56 Swiss vocational students (29 males, 27 females, M = 18.1, SD = 1.2 years) and tested whether recommended levels of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) attenuate this relationship. Burnout was strongly associated with increased depressive symptoms and decreased levels of life satisfaction, mental toughness, and quality of sleep. Students above recommended levels of MVPA reported lower burnout and higher mental health. No significant moderator effects were observed. Symptoms of burnout were associated with increased mental health problems. Physical activity should be promoted to prevent burnout, because nearly half of the students did not meet MVPA recommendations. 相似文献