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91.
The problem of selection of the best multivariate population is given a new formulation which does not involve reducing the populations to univariate quantities. This formulation's solution is developed for known, and (using the Heteroscedastic Method) also for unknown, variance-covariance matrices. Preference reversals and arbitrary nonlinear preference functions are explicitly allowed in this new theory 相似文献
92.
Nonparametric tests for the null hypothesis of no treatment effect in the mixed-model experiment which involves n randomly chosen subjects who respond once to each of ρ distinct treatments have been developed by Koch and Sen (1968), These tests were based on the assumption of compound symmetry of the error vectors and on the weaker assumption of diagonal symmetry of the error vectors. This paper considers an alternative (permutationally) distribution-free test under this latter assumption. The new test follows the same type of distribution theory as those in Koch and Sen, but utilizes the inherent invariance structure in a more visable and direct way. 相似文献
93.
The article reports on a fourth study on the political participation of social workers based on a methodology developed by Gray and Collett van Rooyen (2000). Thus far studies have been conducted in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The present study examined the political activities of social workers in Hong Kong. It begins with a review of the politicisation of Hong Kong's social workers, tracing developments from the 1960s onwards. It then examines the literature on political participation in social work, particularly various typologies of political activity, in order to add to theory relating to this important aspect of social-work practice. Thereafter, it outlines the conceptual framework and methodology used in the study, the results of which provide the basis for the discussion of the political activities of social workers in Hong Kong. It ends with an in-depth discussion of the implications of the findings for the political role of social workers in Hong Kong's changing political context. 相似文献
94.
Nigel Edward 《Significance》2006,3(4):150-152
The National Health Service is valuable. It is also expensive. Its promise of universal health care, free to all at the point of delivery, is a source of pride and some comfort, and is also perhaps the greatest achievement of the welfare state. But with demands on it rising, and a population that lives longer into expensive old age, can it possibly be sustained? Should there be rationing? Must the funding be changed? Nigel Edwards examines the dilemmas. 相似文献
95.
Scott P. Sells Thomas Edward Smith Mary J. Coe Marianne Yoshioka John Robbins 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1994,20(3):247-266
Couple and therapist perspectives about the use and process of reflecting team practice were analyzed using ethnographic research. A domain analysis was performed on postession interviews from both couples and therapists, and on field notes from each therapist. Seven couples and five therapists were interviewed at least twice over a 4-month period concerning their reactions to and perceptions of reflecting team practice. Six domains concerning reflecting team practice emerged from the analysis: (a)benefits of its use, (b) effects of gender, (c)recommended use, (d) contraindicated use, (e) the importance of creating spatial separateness between couple and team members, and (f) sequences of communication between the couple and team members that elicit change. The latter two domains described the process of reflecting team practice (i.e., steps in how it is used and how it is implemented). The role of ethnog rahy in reflecting team practice and in family therapy research is discussed. 相似文献
96.
Deforestation and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Cross-National Investigation of Intervening Mechanisms 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Karen Ehrhardt-Martinez Edward M. Crenshaw & J. Craig Jenkins 《Social science quarterly》2002,83(1):226-243
Objective . We draw on ecological modernization theory and international political economy arguments to examine the sources of an environmental Kuznets curve (or EKC) that produces an inverted U-shaped rate of deforestation relative to economic development. Method . We use ordinary least squares regression with White's (1978) correction for possible heteroskedasticity to examine the rate of deforestation (1980–1995) in less developed countries. Results . Net of controls for initial forest stock and the quality of deforestation estimates, we find strong evidence for an EKC driven by (1) agglomeration effects linked to the level of urbanization, (2) rural-to-urban migration that partially offsets rural population pressure, (3) the growth of services-dominated urban economies, and (4) strong democratic states. We find little evidence that foreign debt or export dependence influence the deforestation rate. Conclusions . Although deforestation continues to pose pressing and potentially irreversible environmental risks, there is evidence of self-corrective ecological and modernization processes inherent in development that act to mitigate these risks. 相似文献
97.
Human resource shortages require effective human resource management (HRM). Findings from research about ongoing labor shortages
in air traffic control (ATC) are used to build a preliminary theory of appropriate HRM responses. Our international sample
of major ATC agencies generally developed a set of best HRM practices to attract, motivate, and retain human assets. Key factors
included (1) cultural and institutional norms, (2) technological change, (3) union responses, and (4) organizational form
and structure (e.g., civil service versus commercial firms). While ATC’s rare human aptitudes, lengthy training to develop
firm-specific human capital, and lifelong employment may limit the preliminary theory’s general applicability, crucial lessons
emerge about human resource planning.
This research was conducted with the support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Rice Fellowship,
the Ziegler Fellowship, and the Center for International Business Studies at the University of Alberta. We are indebted to
the individuals interviewed. 相似文献
98.
Recently, researchers have used measures of economic freedom (Gwartney and Lawson, 2002) to quantify the relationship between
various institutional factors and measures of economic performance. Using a subset of these data, we develop a labor market
flexibility index. This measure should be useful to researchers who study labor market performance among countries. 相似文献
99.
Edward E. Schlee 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》1994,9(3):257-272
This article investigates the preservation of multivariate expected utility comparative statics for “smooth” nonexpected utility representations. Specifically, we answer the following question: if an expected utility comparative statics property depends only on preferences over sure prospects, then when will a nonexpected utility maximizer with identical sure preferences also satisfy that property? We demonstrate that the effects of increased risk aversion are preserved under the “Almost Degenerate Independence” axiom, but that those of distribution changes of exogenous risks are not preserved under stringent assumptions. Hence, nonexpected utility comparative statics may diverge from expected utility, even for “first-order” properties—those whose effect is determinable from restrictions on “local” utility functions. 相似文献
100.
Denise L. Ohler Edward M. Levinson William F. Barker 《The Career development quarterly》1996,44(3):278-288
This study compared levels of career maturity between college students with and without learning disabilities and investigated factors associated with career maturity. Few differences in career maturity were found. However, different predictors of career maturity for the two groups emerged. For students with learning disabilities, number of accommodations and quantity of work experience accounted for 22% of the variance in career maturity. For students without disabilities, academic achievement and type of work experience accounted for 21% of the variance in career maturity. Students with learning disabilities who received more instructional accommodations had lower levels of career maturity. 相似文献