全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8360篇 |
免费 | 234篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 1049篇 |
民族学 | 46篇 |
人口学 | 863篇 |
丛书文集 | 35篇 |
理论方法论 | 769篇 |
综合类 | 93篇 |
社会学 | 4285篇 |
统计学 | 1455篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 59篇 |
2021年 | 50篇 |
2020年 | 128篇 |
2019年 | 197篇 |
2018年 | 226篇 |
2017年 | 322篇 |
2016年 | 224篇 |
2015年 | 167篇 |
2014年 | 206篇 |
2013年 | 1475篇 |
2012年 | 277篇 |
2011年 | 250篇 |
2010年 | 174篇 |
2009年 | 158篇 |
2008年 | 172篇 |
2007年 | 176篇 |
2006年 | 196篇 |
2005年 | 183篇 |
2004年 | 180篇 |
2003年 | 146篇 |
2002年 | 169篇 |
2001年 | 179篇 |
2000年 | 177篇 |
1999年 | 183篇 |
1998年 | 146篇 |
1997年 | 143篇 |
1996年 | 138篇 |
1995年 | 114篇 |
1994年 | 115篇 |
1993年 | 119篇 |
1992年 | 126篇 |
1991年 | 130篇 |
1990年 | 128篇 |
1989年 | 146篇 |
1988年 | 86篇 |
1987年 | 110篇 |
1986年 | 98篇 |
1985年 | 123篇 |
1984年 | 100篇 |
1983年 | 104篇 |
1982年 | 86篇 |
1981年 | 83篇 |
1980年 | 77篇 |
1979年 | 85篇 |
1978年 | 85篇 |
1977年 | 63篇 |
1976年 | 68篇 |
1975年 | 63篇 |
1974年 | 62篇 |
1973年 | 51篇 |
排序方式: 共有8595条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
The authors investigated the prevalence of recurrent pain in a college student sample. Of the 1,564 students surveyed, 467 (29%) indicated that they had experienced recurrent pain at an intensity that was mostly in the mild-to-moderate range. Students who reported having recurrent pain were significantly older and more depressed than students who did not indicate they suffered from recurrent pain. Pain intensity was positively correlated (r = .14) with depression among the students who reported having recurrent pain. Implications of the findings for future research, treatment, and health promotion efforts are discussed. 相似文献
32.
Ratan S.J.B.Rana 《三峡大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2002,24(1):13-15
本文为第三届“文化与城市可持续发展”国际会议的主题发言。本文介绍了会议背景 ,论述了文化及其与可持续发展的关系 ,都市化进程及其发展方向等问题 ,并着重阐述了本次会议的主题即“城市可持续发展中的文化指标” ,确立了本次会议的总体基调和基本政策 相似文献
33.
Charles W. Griffiths Chris Dockins Nicole Owens Nathalie B. Simon Daniel A. Axelrad 《Risk analysis》2002,22(4):679-688
To quantify the health benefits of environmental policies, economists generally require estimates of the reduced probability of illness or death. For policies that reduce exposure to carcinogenic substances, these estimates traditionally have been obtained through the linear extrapolation of experimental dose-response data to low-exposure scenarios as described in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (1986). In response to evolving scientific knowledge, EPA proposed revisions to the guidelines in 1996. Under the proposed revisions, dose-response relationships would not be estimated for carcinogens thought to exhibit nonlinear modes of action. Such a change in cancer-risk assessment methods and outputs will likely have serious consequences for how benefit-cost analyses of policies aimed at reducing cancer risks are conducted. Any tendency for reduced quantification of effects in environmental risk assessments, such as those contemplated in the revisions to EPA's cancer-risk assessment guidelines, impedes the ability of economic analysts to respond to increasing calls for benefit-cost analysis. This article examines the implications for benefit-cost analysis of carcinogenic exposures of the proposed changes to the 1986 Guidelines and proposes an approach for bounding dose-response relationships when no biologically based models are available. In spite of the more limited quantitative information provided in a carcinogen risk assessment under the proposed revisions to the guidelines, we argue that reasonable bounds on dose-response relationships can be estimated for low-level exposures to nonlinear carcinogens. This approach yields estimates of reduced illness for use in a benefit-cost analysis while incorporating evidence of nonlinearities in the dose-response relationship. As an illustration, the bounding approach is applied to the case of chloroform exposure. 相似文献
34.
35.
Luis F. B. Plascencia Gary P. Freeman Mark Setzler 《The International migration review》2003,37(1):5-23
State governments exercise significant powers to regulate the economic and social activities of resident aliens. We review the laws of the six leading states of immigrant settlement regulating access of noncitizens to 23 occupations, updating existing studies from 1946–77. Citizenship requirements for these occupations have plummeted, a change we attribute to federal court decisions, advisory opinions of state attorneys general, and state legislative and administrative action. There are numerous additional citizenship requirements in the statutes of the six states, although these appear to be poorly enforced. The authority of states to regulate their political communities is the most important remaining constitutionally valid basis of citizenship requirements. States define their political community broadly, leading to questionable exclusions of noncitizens from important activities. 相似文献
36.
Chris Dockins Robin R Jenkins Nicole Owens Nathalie B Simon Lanelle Bembenek Wiggins 《Risk analysis》2002,22(2):335-346
This article explores two problems analysts face in determining how to estimate values for children's health and safety risk reductions. The first addresses the question: Do willingness‐to‐pay estimates for health risk changes differ across children and adults and, if so, how? To answer this question, the article first examines the potential effects of age and risk preferences on willingness to pay. A summary of the literature reporting empirical evidence of differences between willingness to pay for adult health and safety risk reductions and willingness to pay for health and safety risk reductions in children is also provided. The second dimension of the problem is a more fundamental issue: Whose perspective is relevant when valuing children's health effects—society's, children's, adults‐as‐children, or parents'? Each perspective is considered, followed ultimately by the conclusion that adopting a parental perspective through an intrahousehold allocation model seems closest to meeting the needs of the estimation problem at hand. A policy example in which the choice of perspective affects the outcome of a regulatory benefit‐cost analysis rounds out the article and emphasizes the importance of perspective. 相似文献
37.
A New Approach to Social Assistance: Latin America's Experience with Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laura B. Rawlings 《International social security review》2005,58(2-3):133-161
Conditional cash transfers are a departure from more traditional approaches to social assistance that represents an innovative and increasingly popular channel for the delivery of social services. Conditional cash transfers provide money to poor families contingent upon certain behaviour, usually investments in human capital such as sending children to school or bringing them to health centres on a regular basis. They seek both to address traditional short-term income support objectives and promote the longer-term accumulation of human capital by serving as a demand-side complement to the supply of health and education services. Evaluation results reveal that this innovative design has been quite successful in addressing many of the failures in delivering social assistance such as poor poverty targeting, disincentive effects and limited welfare impacts. There is clear evidence of success from the first generation of programmes in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Nicaragua in increasing enrolment rates, improving preventive healthcare and raising household consumption. Despite this promising evidence, many questions remain unanswered about conditional cash transfer programmes, including the replicability of their success under different 相似文献
38.
Cambridge Paul; Forrester-Jones Rachel; Carpenter John; Tate Alison; Knapp Martin; Beecham Jennifer; Hallam Angela 《British Journal of Social Work》2005,35(7):1039-1062
This paper reports on the organization of care management froma longitudinal study of community care for people resettledfrom long-stay learning disability and psychiatric hospitals.The findings from a 12-year follow-up of care management arrangementsin 12 learning disability and eight mental health study siteservices are described. The diversity of care management arrangementsfound at earlier points in the evaluation remained evident.Also, many of the former care in the communityservice users were excluded from mainstream care managementarrangements in their localities. The difficulty of developingperson-centred arrangements in learning disability and the lackof integration of the Care Programme Approach and care managementwere evident. The findings and observations are placed in thewider policy and practice context, with suggestions for takingcare management forward nationally and locally. 相似文献
39.
I. M. Endresen B. Ellertsen C. Endresen A. M. Hjelmen R. Matre H. Ursin 《Work and stress》1991,5(3):217-227
This study concerned the immunological correlates of stress and work. Self reported stress, emotional state, ego-strength, and defensiveness were examined in relation to measures of cellular immunity (T-cell response to Con A and number of T4 and T8 cells) and humoral immunity (concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement components in plasma) in a group of 96 Norwegian female bank employees. The analyses showed that workload, the stress factor with the highest group mean, was associated with number of T-cells, while strain due to body posture during work was related to concentrations of IgM and C3. Further, depression was significantly correlated with IgM concentration and T-cell number, and anxiety with C3 concentration. T-cell activity was the immunological parameter most consistently associated with psychological well-being, showing positive correlations with defensiveness and ego-strength and negative correlations with anxiety and depression. In conclusion, T-cell number and concentrations of IgM and C3 were sensitive to both work-related stress experience and emotional distress. Coping abilities, indicated by the MMPI Ego-strength scale and emotional distress, were reflected in T-cell activity; insufficient coping was associated with low T-cell activity. 相似文献
40.