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301.
Titaree Phanwichatkul Elaine Burns Pranee Liamputtong Virginia Schmied 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(3):e152-e161
Background
Interpreters (lam in Thai) have been employed in maternity services in Thailand due to increasing numbers of Burmese women migrating to Thailand. Access to healthcare interpreters is crucial for health professionals and Burmese migrant women using Thai maternity services but no studies have examined the role of the lam.Aim
This paper explores the role and experiences of healthcare interpreters (lam) working in Thailand. The perspectives of nurse-midwives and migrant Burmese women regarding the role of the lam are also included.Methods
Ethnographic methods including observation of interactions between women, nurse-midwives, other health professionals and the lam were used. Individual interviews were conducted with four Burmese lam, nine health professionals, and 10 Burmese women. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.Findings
Three major themes captured the role and experiences of the Burmese lam; ‘more than an interpreter’, ‘challenges in sustaining the role of the lam’, and ‘benefits for me and my community’. The Burmese lam had two key components to their role: interpreter and, healthcare worker. Key challenges included lack of clarity around role boundaries, limited training, and, low remuneration.Discussion and conclusions
Despite the challenges, the lam believed their presence encouraged Burmese women to attend antenatal care. They described benefits for themselves, including ‘on-the-job’ training. Community trust in the lam meant that Burmese women and families sought their advice within the community. This study demonstrates the important role that migrant workers play in collaborating with nurse-midwives to ensure access to maternity services in middle-income countries. 相似文献302.
Jeni Stevens Virginia Schmied Elaine Burns Hannah G. Dahlen 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(6):453-462
Problem
Providing skin-to-skin contact in the operating theatre and recovery is challenging.Background
Barriers are reported in the provision of uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact following a caesarean section.Aim
To explore how health professionals’ practice impacts the facilitation of skin-to-skin contact within the first 2 h following a caesarean section.Methods
Video ethnographic research was conducted utilising video recordings, observations, field notes, focus groups and interviews.Findings
The maternal body was divided in the operating theatre and mothers were perceived as ‘separate’ from their baby in the operating theatre and recovery. Obstetricians’ were viewed to ‘own’ the lower half of women; anaesthetists were viewed to ‘own’ the top half and midwives were viewed to ‘own’ the baby after birth. Midwives’ responsibility for the baby either negatively or positively affected the mother's ability to ‘own’ her baby, because midwives controlled what maternal-infant contact occurred. Mothers desired closeness with their baby, including skin-to-skin contact, however they realised that ‘owning’ their baby in the surgical environment could be challenging.Discussion
Health professionals’ actions are influenced by their environment and institutional regulations. Further education can improve the provision of skin-to-skin contact after caesarean sections. Skin-to-skin contact can help women remain with their baby and obtain a sense of control after their caesarean section.Conclusion
Providing skin-to-skin contact in the first 2 h after caesarean sections has challenges. Despite this, health professionals can meet the mother's desire to ‘own’ her baby by realising they are one entity, encouraging skin-to-skin contact and avoiding maternal and infant separation. 相似文献303.
In recent decades, there has been a rise in the use o lean production model techniques. Through this approach, companies become more flexible, a fact that increases the interest in studies regarding the introduction of this model in businesses and its impacts on working conditions. Important observations concerning ergonomics, such as the theme of work activity regulation, have been highlighted in such studies. This article aims to discuss strategies and regulations adopted by the workers on assembly lines that are considered flexible. The article presents the results of a study in a company that adopts some lean production techniques. The study was analyzed using the activity analysis as one of the premises of the Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA). Many aspects of the traditional assembly line remain present in the scenario that was studied, however a new language was employed and aspects in the nature of regulations demonstrate that the relation with lean production techniques influence the operators' operational modes. 相似文献
304.
Shift workers from control centers of electrical systems are a group that has received little attention in Brazil. This study aimed to compare workers' job satisfaction at five control centers of a Brazilian company electrical system, and according to their job titles. Method: The Organization Satisfaction Index (OSI) questionnaire to assess job satisfaction was used. ANOVA was used to compare OSI means, according to job title and control center. The results showed that there is no difference in job satisfaction among job titles, but a significant difference was found according to the control center. A single organizational culture cannot be applied to several branches. It is required to implement actions that would result in job satisfaction improvements among workers of all studied control rooms centers. The high level of education of operators working in all centers might have contributed to the similar values of perceived satisfaction among distinct job titles. 相似文献
305.
Hilary Tompsett Jane Mathew Byrne Elaine Gaskell Mew Chris Tompsett 《Social Work Education》2017,36(1):6-25
The development and assessment of core skills, including communication skills, are essential prerequisites before social work students are judged ready for practice placement. This paper presents qualitative data from the first year of a three-year study of an undergraduate module taught jointly to undergraduate and postgraduate students on two qualifying programmes at a university in England. The study considers the impact of video recording in a ‘skills laboratory’ on social work students’ skills development, and compares this with other feedback mechanisms at the pre-placement ‘Readiness for Direct Practice’ threshold for the different student groups. Responses from 88 students to two questions on factors they identified as the most helpful/least useful for core skills development were collected, using the same questionnaire at three stages of the module. These were analysed using a grounded theory approach. A separate, quantitative analysis showed that assessment outcomes for undergraduate and postgraduate students were not statistically different. In contrast, this qualitative analysis showed that while there was common value for students from self-observation using video, there were key differences in learning preferences between undergraduates and postgraduates in relation to feedback. While undergraduates valued peer support in group work, postgraduates preferred feedback from authoritative, independent and credible sources. 相似文献
306.
Cassondra?M.?WalkerEmail author K.?Colton Flynn Gustavo?A.?Ovando-Montejo Emily?A.?Ellis Amy?E.?Frazier 《Urban Ecosystems》2017,20(6):1191-1202
Anthropogenic change, specifically urbanization, has lasting impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Past work has linked green space variables and socioeconomic characteristics with biodiversity in urban areas. Shrinking cities present an interesting case for studying biodiversity because many of these places have implemented demolition policies to remove vacant buildings from the landscape, which returns previously urbanized land back into a “natural” state. The objective of this study is to investigate the multifaceted relationship among urban green space, socioeconomic characteristics, demolition activities, and avian species richness in the shrinking city of Buffalo, NY. We first establish a baseline understanding of how social and ecological factors are related to avian species richness through generalized linear models (GLM) and then incorporate a variable characterizing demolition to understand how the process of demolition may be impacting species richness relative to other factors. Second, since our analysis relies on “citizen science” data from eBird, we aim to better understand the factors driving eBird participation in Buffalo through zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models to test how social and ecological characteristics and demolition affect checklists submission across the city. Our findings suggested that demolition activities do not increase species richness in Buffalo, indicating these sites may not be returning to a natural state that is usable by birds. We also found that areas that have undergone considerable demolition may be a potential deterrent to eBird participation, and eBird users may create bias by sampling areas with greater green space connectivity, and thus higher richness. 相似文献
307.
Using methods and themes from Charles Tilly’s work, this paper presents a number of propositions related to empire-to-state transformation. We argue that variations in national state development from imperial metropole origins can be explained, at least in part, by variations in imperial administration, finance, development, identity, and inequality. Capacity is a critical determinant of the results of state transformation, while decisions about finance and investment are both economic and political. Identity and inequality are inextricably linked to empire, and our exploration of these concepts demonstrates that they are the outcomes of variable processes linked to concrete, if inadvertent, lines of imperial decisions. 相似文献
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