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91.
Talk and ‘telling’ have assumed prominent roles in preventing HIV and promoting life with the disease at the start of the
twenty-first century. Our concern in this paper is to show how social structures and circumstances shape the narrative productions
of HIV positive patients whose lives are institutionally managed. We consider what ‘telling’ means when young women with few
economic resources are encouraged or mandated to talk about themselves by case managers, researchers, therapists, welfare
workers, and clinic staff. We organize our analysis around three such ‘autobiographical occasions’: disclosures to intimate
partners prompted by agents of the state; employment opportunities in which women are hired to tell others about living with
HIV as peer educators or outreach health workers; and research interviews. We argue that storylines about living with HIV
have been laid down by powerful social actors whose illness experiences do not reflect those of many poor patients. These
formulations constitute an ‘archive’ which organizes institutional practices and discourses. These matter not only because
they provide patients with a language through which to render their actions meaningful, but because they shape the everyday
experience of HIV outside the clinic, the welfare office, and the therapy session.
Lori Leonard is an Associate Professor in the Department of Health, Behavior and Society at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Part of her research focuses on how young women with few resources experience HIV and AIDS in the USA at a time when HIV and AIDS are beginning to be thought of as chronic but manageable conditions. Jonathan M. Ellen is a Professor of Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and is a practicing adolescent medicine physician. His research interests are focused on HIV and STD prevention and treatment for adolescents. 相似文献
Jonathan M. EllenEmail: |
Lori Leonard is an Associate Professor in the Department of Health, Behavior and Society at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. Part of her research focuses on how young women with few resources experience HIV and AIDS in the USA at a time when HIV and AIDS are beginning to be thought of as chronic but manageable conditions. Jonathan M. Ellen is a Professor of Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and is a practicing adolescent medicine physician. His research interests are focused on HIV and STD prevention and treatment for adolescents. 相似文献
92.
Racial differences in infant mortality by cause of death: The impact of birth weight and maternal age 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research examines racial disparities in infant mortality, overall and separately according to cause of death. Using linked birth and death records for the 1975 cohort of live births in Florida, racial differences are initially described and then explained statistically as a product of the distribution of births by birth weight and maternal age. The impact of birth weight is more pronounced than is the effect of maternal age. The analysis suggests the potential utility of examining infant mortality separately by cause of death. Based on the findings, we argue for systematic research focused on factors affecting birth weight. 相似文献
93.
What determines how many adults live in a house? How do people divide themselves up among households? Average household sizes vary substantially, both over time and in the cross-section. In this paper, we describe how a variety of government policies affect living arrangements, intentionally or not. Using data from a survey of households in New York City, we find that these incentives appear to have an impact. Specifically, households receiving these housing and income subsidies are smaller on average (measured by number of adults). The impacts appear to be considerably larger than those that would occur if the programs were lump-sum transfers. Small average household size can be extremely expensive in terms of physical and environmental resources, higher rents, and possibly homelessness. Thus, we encourage policymakers to pay greater heed to the provisions built into various social policies that favor smaller households. 相似文献
94.
Wan-Yi Chen Jennifer Propp Ellen deLara Kenneth Corvo 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2011,28(4):273-290
This study presents empirical findings about the association between childhood neglect and adolescents’ subsequent involvement
with drug and alcohol related offense from a sample of 251 neglected children and their community matched control (N = 502) from a 17-year period longitudinal data set. Findings confirmed that neglected children were at greater risk to be
arrested for later juvenile drug and alcohol offenses than non-neglected children. Being male, White and the presence of domestic
violence also significantly contributed to elevated risks of being arrested for juvenile drug and alcohol violations for neglected
children. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. 相似文献
95.
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97.
Christian Ewen Andreas Wihler Gerhard Blickle Katharina Oerder B. Parker Ellen Ceasar Douglas Gerald R. Ferris 《The Leadership Quarterly》2013,24(4):516-533
The present investigation was a three-source test of the intermediate linkages in the leader political skill–leader effectiveness and follower satisfaction relationships, which examined transformational and transactional (i.e., contingent reward behavior) leader behavior as mediators. Data from 408 leaders (headmasters) and 1429 followers (teachers) of state schools in the western part of Germany participated in this research. The results of mediation analyses, based on bias-corrected bootstrapping confidence intervals, provided support for the hypotheses that political skill predicts both transformational and transactional leader behavior, beyond other established predictors, and that transformational and transactional leader behavior mediate the relationships between leader political skill and leadership effectiveness. The contributions to theory and research, strengths and limitations, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
98.
Disability Identity Formation and Affirmation: The Experiences of Persons with Severe Mental Illness
Onken Steven J. Slaten Ellen 《Sociological Practice: A Journal of Clinical and Applied Sociology》2000,2(2):99-111
This article examines the pervasive nature and extent of the debilitating sense of shame associated with disability. It then explores the emergence of disability identity, pride, and culture to challenge such shame—illustrated in personal narrative accounts of the individual and collective journeys of people coping with severe mental illness. 相似文献
99.
重新思考中国食品安全监管时可以借鉴的欧盟经验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
最近在中国发生的一些食品和饲料的恐慌使得中国开始重新思考有关饲料和食品安全的法律规范和监管模式.欧盟在经历了1996年的疯牛病危机后,其如何改革食品安全的监管模式对中国有借鉴作用.欧盟在面对不确定的风险时采取了一些有效的措施,但仍需面对诸多挑战.以此为中国的食品安全监管改革提供一些借鉴. 相似文献
100.
One of the most dynamic and fruitful areas of current health‐related research concerns the various roles of the human microbiome in disease. Evidence is accumulating that interactions between substances in the environment and the microbiome can affect risks of disease, in both beneficial and adverse ways. Although most of the research has concerned the roles of diet and certain pharmaceutical agents, there is increasing interest in the possible roles of environmental chemicals. Chemical risk assessment has, to date, not included consideration of the influence of the microbiome. We suggest that failure to consider the possible roles of the microbiome could lead to significant error in risk assessment results. Our purpose in this commentary is to summarize some of the evidence supporting our hypothesis and to urge the risk assessment community to begin considering and influencing how results from microbiome‐related research could be incorporated into chemical risk assessments. An additional emphasis in our commentary concerns the distinct possibility that research on chemical–microbiome interactions will also reduce some of the significant uncertainties that accompany current risk assessments. Of particular interest is evidence suggesting that the microbiome has an influence on variability in disease risk across populations and (of particular interest to chemical risk) in animal and human responses to chemical exposure. The possible explanatory power of the microbiome regarding sources of variability could reduce what might be the most significant source of uncertainty in chemical risk assessment. 相似文献