Does corporal punishment erode the quality of the mother–child interaction in early childhood?

Corporal punishment is believed to exert its influence partially on children's externalizing behavior by undermining the quality of parent‐child relationships, but empirical evidence for this belief is lacking. Thus, the goal of this study was to explore longitudinally whether the use of corporal punishment by mothers was associated with declining quality in parent‐child interactions and whether these declines mediated the links between corporal punishment and later externalizing behavior. Based on data from the NIHCD SECCYD, the findings from this study indicated that the links between the quality of parent‐child interaction and corporal punishment were bidirectional: high quality parent‐child interaction was associated with less use of subsequent corporal punishment by mothers, and maternal use of corporal punishment at 36 months was associated with declines in the quality of parent‐child interaction at 54 months. There were not significant indirect effects of corporal punishment at 36 months on grade 3 aggression through 54 month parent‐child interaction quality, however, which suggests other mechanisms might account for the links between early corporal punishment and later externalizing problems.     

Non‐take up of the supplemental child benefit for children with a disability in Belgium: A mixed‐method approach

Families with disabled children run a great risk of being poor. Although policies providing poor families with financial benefits should be effective in reducing poverty, the actual effectiveness is often jeopardized by the issue of non‐take up (NTU). Yet, NTU of benefits aimed at disabled children is for the most part uncharted territory. In this article, we fill this gap using a mixed‐methods approach to (a) estimate the magnitude and characteristics of NTU in the Belgian “supplemental child benefit” by drawing on a large‐scale administrative dataset on childhood disabilities and (b) explore the determinants of NTU by means of semistructured interviews with experts and parents. We estimate an NTU rate of at least 10%, a substantial figure given that the benefit is not income tested. This mainly concerns children with “less visible disabilities” (autism spectrum disorder and other intellectual and psychological disorders) and results from insufficient information provision about the benefit's existence and eligibility criteria; process costs, for instance, the complexity of the procedure; and the way the scale to assess a child's disability is constructed.     

The nature of work and the stress of higher status

Are occupational and work conditions associated with work-to-home conflict? If so, do those associations vary by gender? Among a sample of adults in Toronto, Canada, we found that men and women in higher-status occupations reported higher levels of work-to-home conflict than workers in lower-status jobs. In addition, we observed higher levels of work-to-home conflict among workers who are self-employed and among those with more job authority, demands, involvement, and longer hours. The only significant gender-contingent effect was found for nonroutine work, which is associated positively with work-to-home conflict among men but not women. Higher levels of job demands, involvement, and hours among individuals in higher-status occupations significantly contribute to occupation-based differences in work-to-home conflict. Moreover, despite some overlap, these work conditions have largely independent associations with work-to-home conflict. Results generally support the "stress of higher status " hypothesis among both women and men. Although higher-status positions yield many rewards, such positions are not impervious to inter-role stress, and this stress may offset those rewards.     

Institutional Predictors of and Complements to Industry Self‐regulation with Regard to Labor Practices

In recent years, there has been increasing managerial and academic attention given to a variety of mechanisms for companies to respond to stakeholder concerns about global business ethics. One area that merits further analysis is the role of industry‐level cooperation regarding issues in global business ethics such as labor practices. There are two main issues that we will address in this article: institutional pressures that predict when an industry will create a code of conduct and institutional complements for an industry‐level code of conduct to be “successful” with regard to responding to stakeholder concerns about international business operations. We offer a number of propositions—bringing together work from both the corporate social responsibility and (neo)institutional theory literatures—with regard to both predictors and complements of industry self‐regulation in reference to labor practices.     

风格、文化价值和挪用：西方艺术人类学历史中的三种范式

文章选取西赤道非洲的芳族雕像作为个案研究,探讨了西方过去半个世纪以来的艺术人类学的三种范式。第一种范式是风格分析,将雕像本体以及形态特征作为研究对象。这种定量分析方法旨在区分雕像风格以及亚风格,其目的是对于芳族的艺术生产作出地理定位。这样的类型学方法被认为带有殖民根源,服务于监管与控制的目的。第二种范式是定性分析,关注的是意义而非形式。在本土研究基础之上,人类学家将芳族雕像看做是芳族社会文化价值系统的体现。这种方法是建立在田野调查基础之上的,突出文化的独特价值与思维方式,这种方法被认为是古典文化人类学范式,承袭了博厄斯在美国所开创的学派,这种研究传统起源于十九世纪的德国。第三种范式是后殖民方法。这种范式考察了自十九世纪以来雕像进入欧洲以来西方艺术家、收藏家以及博物馆对于芳族雕像的态度。这种方式关注对这些物品的挪用,包括将它们重新标识为“艺术品”,以及它们在国际艺术市场上的商品化。     

纳米技术与隐私:有关全景敞视监狱外的持续监视

我们认为,隐形标签、传感器和射频识别芯片等形式的纳米技术将在两个方面引发不同于过去几十年中传统意义上的隐私问题。一是它们将不再仅仅围绕监视集中和权力集中的理念,如全景敞视监狱的隐喻含义,而是要关注分散层面上的持续观察;二是对隐私的关注可能不仅仅涉及对信息流动的制约,同时也涉及到相关材料和纳米制品,如芯片及标签的设计。我们首先建构了一个框架用以概述当前有关隐私问题的辩论情况,进而提出我们的基本观点。     

‘Becoming Angry When Another is Treated Fairly’: On Understanding When Own and Other's Fair Treatment Influences Negative Reactions

The present research examined across two experimental studies the impact of how fairly one's partner was treated on the experience of one's own negative emotions and intentions to display antisocial behaviours. Experiment 1 revealed that one's own feelings of anger and frustration were significantly higher when one's partner was treated fairly (i.e. receiving voice in the decision‐making procedure) relative to when one's partner was treated unfairly (i.e. receiving no voice), but only so when the interaction between oneself and the other was characterized by competitive interdependence (i.e. a zero‐sum gain in which a good performance by the other is negative for oneself and vice versa). The opposite pattern of results emerged in the cooperative interdependence condition (i.e. a good performance by the other is positive for oneself and vice versa). Experiment 2 (in which also the fairness of one's own treatment was manipulated) further showed that in the competitive interdependence condition own anger and frustration were higher when one's partner received voice and oneself did not relative to when the partner did not receive voice and oneself did. A similar effect was also obtained for intentions to display antisocial behaviour, which was mediated by negative emotions. These findings thus reveal that the other's procedurally fair treatment affects own responses differently as a function of the given goal interdependence and own treatment.     

Identifying Social Indicators for Sustainability Assessment of CCU Technologies: A Modified Multi-criteria Decision Making

Social Indicators Research - This paper analyses the trend and changes in Sri Lanka’s multidimensional poverty before the ethnic war in 2007, the transition through 2009 and after the war in...     

Hypothesis testing via a penalized-likelihood approach

It is illustrated in this paper that hypothesis testing procedures can be derived based on the penalized likelihood approach. Based on this point of view, many traditional hypothesis tests, including the two-sample mean test, score test, and Hotelling’s $T^2$ test are revisited under the penalized likelihood framework. Similar framework is also applicable to the empirical likelihood.