Work and Family Role Strain Among University Employees

This paper analyzes the determinants of work and family role strain among university employees with data from a survey of faculty and staff of a public university in the Western U.S. The results indicate that difficulties caring for children and elderly dependents are the primary causes of work and family role strain in the family domain, while dissatisfaction with resources and perceived unfair criticism are primary in the work domain. The predictors of work and family role strain are similar for faculty and staff, and for men and women, with one exception: Having a supportive spouse or partner reduces work and family role strain much more for women than it does for men. Implications for university personnel policy are discussed.     

The validity of supplementary pay systems in nonprofit organizations

The theory and assumptions used by nonprofit organizations when adopting employee incentive pay systems are examined in this article. A theory to explain the use of financial incentive is described. This theory states that nonprofit employees are motivated, like employees in the for-profit sector, to seek financial rewards contingent on achieving certain performance goals. To validate the Theory, a review of select literature is provided.     

Book Review: Food Ethics. Ben Mepham (Ed.). London: Routledge, 1996. 178 Pages. $59.95 (cloth), $17.95 (paperback)

Population and Environment -     

Micro-ESR:微型电子自旋共振光谱仪

电子自旋共振光谱(ESR),又称顺磁共振光谱(EPR),是直接检测自由基、引起石油氧化降解含有未成对电子的活性分子以及食物的唯一方法,也在生物化学研究疾病方面起着一定的作用。本文所描述的微型、高灵敏度的ESR光谱仪通过显著降低光谱技术的成本,能够为工业和科学研究者扩大ESR光谱学的实用范围。     

Disease clusters: should they be investigated, and, if so, when and how?

Individual cluster reports are subject to several difficulties in interpretation. Although they rarely lead to new aetiological insights, a public health response to delineate the size and extent of any excess risk may be warranted. Further investigation, where merited, should usually include an examination of data for different areas and/or different time periods. A statistical evaluation of disease clusters is often secondary to a detailed appreciation of issues such as the availability and quality of data, confounding and bias in the selection of areas for study.     

A method of spare parts inventory planning

A mathematical and simulation technique is discussed to obtain integer (s1, S) solutions for a group of part numbers at spares stocking locations. The technique utilizes cost function based on stochastic integer (s, S) inventory model formulation. The results are successfully implemented to plan several million dollars of spares inventory and to plan multi-echelon initial spares provisioning in the field.     

The impact of right-to-work laws on employer unfair labor practice charges

The expected impact of right-to-work (RTW) laws on employer unfair labor practices is discussed within a resource allocation framework. How RTW laws affect the relative prices of different organizing tactics is also considered. Empirical analysis based on cross-sectional data for 1970, 1975, and 1980 shows that the impact of RTW laws on employer unfair labor practice charges is insignificant. Other variables that affect charge activity are also discussed in terms of their effect on employer/union organizing resource allocation decisions.