Generational Differences in Accounts of the Development of U.S. Cultural Sociology—Let Me Count the Ways: Response to Lizardo’s and Mische’s Comments

This essay provides a response to comments offered by Omar Lizardo (2011) and Ann Mische (2011) with reference to my piece “How Has Bourdieu Been Good to Think With? The Case of the United States” ( Lamont, 2011 ). All essays appear in this issue.     

Stable syndicates of factor owners and distribution of social output: a Shapley value approach

The purpose of this paper is to examine the incentive of a player to join a syndicate in an environment of team production and payoff distribution according to Shapley value. We consider an economy in which a single output is produced by an increasing returns to scale production function using two inputs: labor and capital. By assuming that syndicates of factor owners can form, we are interested in their stability, i.e., the willingness of the members of the syndicate to stay in the syndicate. Our analysis, based on the Shapley value, allows us to find a fair imputation of the gains of cooperation and the conditions under which syndicates are stable.     

Duocentered networks

When a pair of individuals is central to a research problem (e.g., husband and wife, PhD student and supervisor) the concept of “duocentered” networks can be defined as a useful extension of egocentered networks. This new structure consists of a pair of central egos and their direct links with alters, instead of just one central ego as in the egocentered networks or multiple egos as in complete networks. The key point in this kind of network is that ties exist between the central pair of egos and between them and all alters, but the ties among alters are not considered. Duocentered networks can also be considered as a compromise between egocentered and complete networks. Complete network measurements are often costly to obtain and tend to contain a large proportion of missing data (especially for peripheral actors). Egocentered network data are less costly but a lot of information is lost with their use when a pair of individuals is the relevant unit of analysis.     

Modelling extremes of time-dependent data by Markov-switching structures

We investigate the extremal clustering behaviour of stationary time series that possess two regimes, where the switch is governed by a hidden two-state Markov chain. We also suppose that the process is conditionally Markovian in each latent regime. We prove under general assumptions that above high thresholds these models behave approximately as a random walk in one (called dominant) regime and as a stationary autoregression in the other (dominated) regime. Based on this observation, we propose an estimation and simulation scheme to analyse the extremal dependence structure of such models, taking into account only observations above high thresholds. The properties of the estimation method are also investigated. Finally, as an application, we fit a model to high-level exceedances of water discharge data, simulate extremal events from the fitted model, and show that the (model-based) flood peak, flood duration and flood volume distributions match their observed counterparts.     

A revealed preference analysis of solutions to simple allocation problems

We interpret solution rules on a class of simple allocation problems as data on the choices of a policy maker. We analyze conditions under which the policy maker’s choices are (i) rational (ii) transitive-rational, and (iii) representable; that is, they coincide with maximization of a (i) binary relation, (ii) transitive binary relation, and (iii) numerical function on the allocation space. Our main results are as follows: (i) a well-known property, contraction independence (a.k.a. IIA) is equivalent to rationality; (ii) every contraction independent and other-c monotonic rule is transitive-rational; and (iii) every contraction independent and other-c monotonic rule, if additionally continuous, can be represented by a numerical function.     

On the robustness of cointegration tests when series are fractionally intergrated

This paper shows that when series are fractionally integrated, but unit root tests wrongly indicate that they are I(1), Johansen likelihood ratio (LR) tests tend to find too much spurious cointegration, while the Engle-Granger test presents a more robust performance. This result holds asymptotically as well as infinite samples. The different performance of these two methods is due to the fact that they are based on different principles. The Johansen procedure is based on maximizing correlations (canonical correlation) while Engle-Granger minimizes variances (in the spirit of principal components).     

中国技术国际收支统计可行性研究

一、问题的提出随着现代科技的发展 ,人们越来越认识到技术的重要性。它不仅是一个国家经济增长的主要推动因素 ,还决定一个国家的经济结构、生产力水平并最终影响一国的综合实力。有关技术的输入和输出逐渐引起人们的关注。技术的流动可以通过有形的高科技商品交易 ,无形的技术转让、科技人员交流等形式进行。我国海关近年来对高科技产品进出口已经建立并实施了较为系统的统计 ,从中可观察到高技术产品各种分类及流向。而对于以人或文件为载体的技术转让 ,由于其无形性和复杂性 (常伴随着其他形式的技术流动 ) ,对其实施统计无疑是十分困难…     

Gender,family negotiations and academic success of young Moroccan women in Spain

This article examines the lives of pioneering young women from Morocco, the first to enjoy educational and social success in Catalonia, by analyzing the family negotiations entered into during this process. The study is based on the life stories of these young Moroccan women and on ideas that emerge from discussion groups involving the women themselves and experts in education and other fields. We report that the young women perceive a certain degree of flexibility on the part of their families in their intra-family relations and the model of woman they are prepared to accept. However, our study also provides evidence of the fact that their success is associated with a constant process of negotiation, the women having to exercise their agency above and beyond their parental expectations and control, leaving them in a position of solitude.