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21.
Gender integration within science has been uneven: some fields have integrated women to almost equitable levels, while others remain male‐dominated. Explanations for this variation abound, but few are able to assess empirically the relevance of disciplinary cultures in a systematic way. We take up this challenge by analysing accounts of scientific success in fields that integrated women to a large degree (Psychology and the Life Sciences) and fields that did not (Engineering and Physics). We qualitatively assess how the salience of relationships changed over time in these fields. We find that scientists from disciplines that have crossed the threshold whereby women are no longer tokens culturally value informal relationships more than those in which women remain a small numerical minority. 相似文献
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Socioeconomic Strain,Family Ties,and Adolescent Health in a Rural Northeastern County 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Karen T. Van Gundy Meghan L. Mills Corinna Jenkins Tucker Cesar J. Rebellon Erin Hiley Sharp Nena F. Stracuzzi 《Rural sociology》2015,80(1):60-85
In adolescence, vital sources of support come from family relationships; however, research that considers the health‐related impact of ties to both parents and siblings is sparse, and the utility of such ties among at‐risk teens is not well understood. Here we use two waves of panel data from the population of 8th and 12th grade students in a geographically isolated, rural, northeastern U.S. county to assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the effects of parental and sibling attachments on three indicators of adolescent health: obesity, depression, and problem substance use. Our findings indicate that, net of stressful life events, prior health, and sociodemographic controls, increases in parental and sibling attachment correspond with reduced odds of obesity for low‐SES adolescents, reduced odds of depression for high‐SES adolescents, and reduced odds of problem substance use for low‐SES adolescents. Results suggest also that sibling and maternal ties are more influential than paternal ties, at least with regard to the outcomes considered. Overall, the findings highlight the value of strong family ties for the physical, psychological, and behavioral health of socioeconomically strained rural teens, and reveal the explanatory potential of both sibling and parental ties for adolescent health. 相似文献
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Manager Characteristics and Employee Job Insecurity around a Merger Announcement: The Role of Status and Crossover 下载免费PDF全文
Jack Lam Kimberly Fox Wen Fan Phyllis Moen Erin Kelly Leslie Hammer Ellen Ernst Kossek 《The Sociological quarterly》2015,56(3):558-580
Most existing research theorizes individual factors as predictors of perceived job insecurity. Incorporating contextual and organizational factors at an information technology organization where a merger was announced during data collection, we draw on status expectations and crossover theories to investigate whether managers' characteristics and insecurity shape their employees' job insecurity. We find having an Asian as opposed to a White manager is associated with lower job insecurity, whereas managers' own insecurity positively predicts employees' insecurity. Also contingent on the organizational climate, managers' own tenure buffers, and managers' perceived job insecurity magnifies insecurity of employees interviewed after a merger announcement, further specifying status expectations theory by considering context. 相似文献
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Historically the law regarded children as inherently unreliable and made it difficult for them to testify. Since 1975 awareness of child abuse has increased and research has established that children can be reliable witnesses. Governments began to recognize the needs and capacities of children and enacted legal reforms to facilitate prosecutions for child abuse. This paper reports on a survey of victim witness workers and other justice system professionals which reveals some of the continuedfailings of that system in dealing with children. Althoughrelatively rare, there are cases of false allegations of abuse, usually a result of investigations by poorly trained professionals. Further legal reforms and better human supports are required to ensure that the needs of children are met and their capacities as witnesses are fully appreciated. 相似文献
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Abstract Objective: This study aimed to understand the gaps in college students' knowledge regarding sexual health information. Participants: A sample of 242 participants enrolled in an introductory college course participated in this study in the Fall 2009 semester. Methods: Students participated in 1 of 2 brief interventions and wrote a response paper about their experience. The papers were analyzed using conventional content analysis for information that was new to participants by looking for key words that suggested learning took place. Results: The findings indicated that the majority of participants learned new information. Most learning occurred regarding sexually transmitted infections (ie, types, symptoms, prevalence, treatment, testing) and correct condom use. There were also demographic differences regarding reported new information. Conclusions: Findings can be used to develop future sex education programs for college students by providing college educators with an understanding of where students lack knowledge of sexual health. 相似文献
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This study builds on current research, investigating the relationships between sociodemographic variables and domestic violence attitudes and beliefs among college students. Data from the Relationship Characteristics Study conducted in 2001, which includes a sample of 1,938 college students, are used to replicate and extend the research of Carlson and Worden (2001, 2005), the developers of the attitudes and beliefs items. In addition, the research portends to analyze factors associated with domestic violence causation endorsement, physical and sexual abuse, stalking, and verbal abuse beliefs, including gender, race and ethnicity, university year, parents' education, family income, parents' marital status, and relationship status. Results are consistent with the rates reported by the item developers. Further, results demonstrate that sociodemographic variables are correlated with physical and sexual abuse and verbal abuse beliefs and causation endorsement. 相似文献
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Plant-based stormwater management systems such as green roofs are typically composed exclusively of vascular plants. Yet,
mosses have several desirable properties that could warrant their more widespread use in green roof applications. In natural
systems mosses are important primary colonizers of bare ground, and their establishment improves water storage and provides
numerous soil benefits including carbon and nitrogen sequestration. Additionally, mosses often facilitate the establishment
and survival of vascular plants at otherwise environmentally harsh or stressful sites. Despite their potential value, few
studies have investigated the functional performance of mosses on green roofs. In this study we evaluated the establishment
success and potential stormwater performance of three candidate moss species. We also directly compared the runoff and thermal
characteristics of replicate moss covered green roofs to vascular planted and bare roofs. Candidate mosses had high water
holding capacities, storing 8–10 times their weight in water compared to only 1.3 times for typical green roof medium. Mock-up
roof sections composed of mosses and medium had delayed and reduced runoff flows relative to medium only sections, although
the magnitude of these effects varied with moss species. In field trials all three mosses survived a harsh rooftop environment
with limited summer irrigation, although lateral growth after one year was minimal. Green roofs planted solely with Racomitrium canescens had between 12–24% higher stormwater retention than vascular or medium only roofs. Moss cover also ameliorated temperature
fluctuations on green roofs. Hourly heating rates were buffered to a similar degree (less than half that of surface temperatures)
5 cm below the surface of both moss covered and medium only roofs. In contrast, cooling under the surface of the moss roof
was nearly 6 times faster than under the medium only roof. These results demonstrate the potential for mosses to be valuable
components of green roofs, either in combination with vascular plants or planted exclusively. 相似文献