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41.
This paper provides a set of principles and ethics, developed in collaboration between Pacific‐ and Australian‐based researchers, to guide research practice in a project enabling the self‐reporting of children with disability in Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea (PNG). The paper presents both a summary of academic literature relating to these principles and ethics, as well as their succinct ‘translation’ into a set of action statements for researchers working with children with disability. The paper offers a base for further development by others to guide research practice and foster the autonomous participation of children with disability in developing countries. 相似文献
42.
Plant-based stormwater management systems such as green roofs are typically composed exclusively of vascular plants. Yet,
mosses have several desirable properties that could warrant their more widespread use in green roof applications. In natural
systems mosses are important primary colonizers of bare ground, and their establishment improves water storage and provides
numerous soil benefits including carbon and nitrogen sequestration. Additionally, mosses often facilitate the establishment
and survival of vascular plants at otherwise environmentally harsh or stressful sites. Despite their potential value, few
studies have investigated the functional performance of mosses on green roofs. In this study we evaluated the establishment
success and potential stormwater performance of three candidate moss species. We also directly compared the runoff and thermal
characteristics of replicate moss covered green roofs to vascular planted and bare roofs. Candidate mosses had high water
holding capacities, storing 8–10 times their weight in water compared to only 1.3 times for typical green roof medium. Mock-up
roof sections composed of mosses and medium had delayed and reduced runoff flows relative to medium only sections, although
the magnitude of these effects varied with moss species. In field trials all three mosses survived a harsh rooftop environment
with limited summer irrigation, although lateral growth after one year was minimal. Green roofs planted solely with Racomitrium canescens had between 12–24% higher stormwater retention than vascular or medium only roofs. Moss cover also ameliorated temperature
fluctuations on green roofs. Hourly heating rates were buffered to a similar degree (less than half that of surface temperatures)
5 cm below the surface of both moss covered and medium only roofs. In contrast, cooling under the surface of the moss roof
was nearly 6 times faster than under the medium only roof. These results demonstrate the potential for mosses to be valuable
components of green roofs, either in combination with vascular plants or planted exclusively. 相似文献
43.
Computer experiments using deterministic simulators are sometimes used to replace or supplement physical system experiments. This paper compares designs for an initial computer simulator experiment based on empirical prediction accuracy; it recommends designs for producing accurate predictions. The basis for the majority of the designs compared is the integrated mean squared prediction error (IMSPE) that is computed assuming a Gaussian process model with a Gaussian correlation function. Designs that minimize the IMSPE with respect to a fixed set of correlation parameters as well as designs that minimize a weighted IMSPE over the correlation parameters are studied. These IMSPE-based designs are compared with three widely-used space-filling designs. The designs are used to predict test surfaces representing a range of stationary and non-stationary functions. For the test conditions examined in this paper, the designs constructed under IMSPE-based criteria are shown to outperform space-filling Latin hypercube designs and maximum projection designs when predicting smooth functions of stationary appearance, while space-filling and maximum projection designs are superior for test functions that exhibit strong non-stationarity. 相似文献
44.
Sato Ashida Xi Zhu Erin L. Robinson Audrey Schroer 《Journal of gerontological social work》2018,61(7):735-750
ABSTRACTThis study investigated the roles and interconnections among community organizations belonging to local disaster coalitions in Midwest in supporting older residents. Representatives from 44 organizations participated in one-time survey. Most were non-profit (68%) or federal/state/local government agencies (23%). The analyses of 761 relationships showed stronger collaborations in assessment (average strength=2.88 on a 5-point scale), emergency response (2.72), and planning (2.61); and weaker collaborations in co-sponsoring programs (1.71) and supporting older residents (2.03). The extent of collaboration (network density) to support older adults was also low. Coalitions may enhance network density and centralization by developing sub-committee structure and strengthening existing collaborations. 相似文献
45.
46.
Hortensia Amaro PhD Elizabeth Reed ScD MPH Erin Rowe BA Jennifer Picci RN MPH Philomena Mantella PhD Guillermo Prado MS PhD 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(4):357-364
Abstract Objective: Evaluation of the Brief Alcohol Screen and Intervention in College Students (BASICS) in a university primary care setting. Participants/Methods: Undergraduates (N = 449) participated in BASICS and electronic surveys assessing frequency/quantity of alcohol and drug use, psychosocial and mental health outcomes, and demographic information. Data were collected at baseline and 6-month follow-up between August 2006 and August 2008. Results: Drinking and drug use decreased between baseline and 6 months. Participants reported an increase in protective factors and in readiness to change alcohol-related behaviors, and a decrease in alcohol-related consequences and in distress symptoms. Heavy episodic drinking at baseline significantly moderated the changes in number of drinks in a typical week and in a typical weekend, and number of drinks on the occasion drank most on a weekend. Conclusions: BASICS can be implemented in a primary health care setting and university students may reduce their alcohol and/or drug use. 相似文献
47.
Erin W. Moore MA William E. Smith MS Ashlee R. B. Folsom MA 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(2):175-177
Abstract Objectives: The authors aimed to determine the most effective brief sexual health intervention for college students, while also evaluating students’ preferences for learning about sexual health, in order to develop a university program. Methods: A total of 302 students enrolled in an introductory college course participated and were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 brief interventions during a regularly scheduled class and completed pre- and postsurveys assessing knowledge, motivation to use condoms, and condom self-efficacy. Results: Findings indicated that having an actual person in charge of the learning process resulted in higher knowledge gains and highlighted a student preference for discussion-based learning, viewing pictures of sexually transmitted infections, and hearing real-life experiences about the consequences of unsafe sex. Conclusions: These findings will be used to tailor a future intervention targeting college students for use with freshmen students at this university. 相似文献
48.
Historically the law regarded children as inherently unreliable and made it difficult for them to testify. Since 1975 awareness of child abuse has increased and research has established that children can be reliable witnesses. Governments began to recognize the needs and capacities of children and enacted legal reforms to facilitate prosecutions for child abuse. This paper reports on a survey of victim witness workers and other justice system professionals which reveals some of the continuedfailings of that system in dealing with children. Althoughrelatively rare, there are cases of false allegations of abuse, usually a result of investigations by poorly trained professionals. Further legal reforms and better human supports are required to ensure that the needs of children are met and their capacities as witnesses are fully appreciated. 相似文献
50.