改革开放 40 年来农村集体经济的变迁和未来发展

改革开放 40 年以来,农村集体经济发展的框架体系和发展模式纷繁复杂,城乡关系的变动塑造了集体经济发展的制度环境、资源条件和发展空间。 文章从中国独特的土地制度和集体经济发展重要政策的视角,以城乡关系的四个发展阶段对比,分析集体经济的发展轨迹。 集体经济的发展也经历了四个阶段,并在每一阶段都具有各自的形式与特征。 2012 年至今的新发展阶段,集体经济再发展的制度和政策基础逐步具备,未来发展需要进一步进行制度和组织创新。     

新贫困视域下乡村转型的困厄与重构路径

中国社会转型的重要背景之一是全球消费社会的到来。 这使得新穷人现象日渐凸显,并成为影响甚至主导整个社会转型的核心线索。 作为新穷人的典型表现,乡村新贫困既包括在城乡二元结构下,村民难以获得以城市生活方式为参照的社会公认生活水准而引发的结构性贫困,也包括由消费欲望激发的社会心理性贫困。 由此,乡村消费转型表现为如下困境:私人消费中,个体消费认同在地和脱嵌的困境以及家庭消费规范物质化和人伦的两难;集体消费中,消费品“上移冶和“下乡冶的悖论。 为应对这些困境,必须从消费角度,破解“新穷困冶的结构性和文化困境,实行新型城镇化和新农村建设并举。     

农村权力结构嬗变与农民权利实现的互动关联

农民权利的实现问题是当下农村问题解决的关键,对农村乃至中国的民主政治建设和政治发展有着重要影响。农民权利的实现困境根源在于权力结构与农民权利诉求未达成契合,权力运行与权利实现之间缺失了均衡性。因此必须合理调适农村现行权力结构,以对农民权利的认可和保障为旨归,在权力与权利的互动关联中,构筑农民权利实现的屏障。     

论高校旅游管理专业的社会服务职能

旅游业的蓬勃发展,赋予了高校旅游管理专业承担社会服务的重任。高校旅游管理专业社会服务包括文化引领、人才培养、旅游规划、行业培训、信息咨询等多种形式。高校旅游管理专业可通过建立双师素质的教师团队和建设产学研一体化的实验(实训)基地等措施提升社会服务能力。     

A Diversity Index for Model Space Selection in the Estimation of Benchmark and Infectious Doses via Model Averaging

In chemical and microbial risk assessments, risk assessors fit dose‐response models to high‐dose data and extrapolate downward to risk levels in the range of 1–10%. Although multiple dose‐response models may be able to fit the data adequately in the experimental range, the estimated effective dose (ED) corresponding to an extremely small risk can be substantially different from model to model. In this respect, model averaging (MA) provides more robustness than a single dose‐response model in the point and interval estimation of an ED. In MA, accounting for both data uncertainty and model uncertainty is crucial, but addressing model uncertainty is not achieved simply by increasing the number of models in a model space. A plausible set of models for MA can be characterized by goodness of fit and diversity surrounding the truth. We propose a diversity index (DI) to balance between these two characteristics in model space selection. It addresses a collective property of a model space rather than individual performance of each model. Tuning parameters in the DI control the size of the model space for MA.     

社会工作专业服务的本土框架和理论依据 ——一项本土专业服务场域的动态分析?

近十年来，在政府的大力推动下，中国社会工作的发展已经由体制外逐渐走进体制内，与体制的融合成为最迫切、最关键的问题，而融合的最基础专业服务场域就是社区。文章针对社区专业社会工作者与居委会动态关联的分析发现：（1）居委会承担着管理和服务双重角色，采取综合管理服务方式，与追求专业服务的社会工作存在不同的服务逻辑；（2）借助项目综合社会工作服务，能够把专业社会工作服务与居委会的综合管理服务融合起来。两种常见的融合方式，一是注重社区整体能力提升的社区社会工作；二是关注专项服务延伸的社区的社会工作；（3）本土社会工作专业服务的理论依据是“双主体（社会工作者和居委会）”的项目综合社会工作服务的场景服务逻辑，有别于西方七八十年出现的注重在实际生活场景中开展的综合社会工作服务逻辑。     

Never easy to say “sorry”: Exploring the interplay of crisis involvement,brand image,and message appeal in developing effective corporate apologies

This study examines how the interplay among crisis involvement, brand image, and message appeal impacts the effectiveness of an apology in the context of a corporate crisis. To determine apology effectiveness, a 2 (crisis involvement: high vs. low) × 2 (brand image: symbolic vs. functional) × 2 (message appeal type: emotional vs. informational) experimental design was employed. The results demonstrate that the three-way interaction is significant, especially in the low-crisis involvement condition. The study concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research.     

A Discussion on the Eighteen Kingdoms of Ancient Zhang Zhung and Their Destruction

While combing through the threads of the history of the Zhang Zhung kingdom,one of the first things that we cannot avoid is its position in historical time. As we know,from the perspec-tive of literary...     

Context Matters: Differential Effects of Discrimination by Environmental Context on Depressive Symptoms Among College Students of Color

Clinical Social Work Journal - Experiences with more subtle racism – which have been called microaggressions – have a host of negative effects on health, mental health, educational...     

Community care for adults with severe mental disorders in rural China: A case study

In China, family care is the dominant form of care for people with mental disorders. Since 2004, the government has been developing a community‐care model that places more responsibility on community organisations and the local governments at the provincial, municipal and county levels for the provision of formal care. As a large number of people with severe mental disorders live in rural China, this case study was conducted in a rural county in order to examine the development of community care. It was found that, although family care remains dominant, families’ need for formal care is increasing. Community services have improved, but their development is constrained by several contextual and micro factors. In this study, it is argued that the community‐care model introduces a process of reconfiguration of the relative responsibility for care among the family, social organisations and the government, but progress depends on further administrative and fiscal reforms.