HOW DO INFORMAL AGREEMENTS AND REVISION SHAPE CONTRACTUAL REFERENCE POINTS?

The notion of contracts as reference points provides the basis for a deeper understanding of important phenomena such as the employment contract, vertical integration, firm scope, authority, and delegation. Previous experiments lend support to this notion but they ignore realistic aspects of trading relationships such as informal agreements and ex‐post renegotiation or revision. Here we show that the central behavioral mechanism underlying contractual reference points is robust to such considerations. Our data reveal that informal agreements can mitigate the trade‐off between rigidity and flexibility but they do not fully resolve the problem of misaligned reference points. Our experiments also show that contract revision is a more nuanced process than the previous literature has recognized. We find, for example, that it is sometimes better for parties to write a simple (rigid) contract and then revise it ex post if needed, rather than to anticipate and include future contingencies in a (flexible) contract from the outset.     

From psychoanalysis to clinical social work: An evolutionary process

The development of psychoanalytically oriented social work is traced from its beginnings in 1918. The author distinguishes between practitioners who do social work and those who do psychoanalytic therapy. Such therapy is defined as a method which attends to the dialectic interplay between conscious and unconscious forces. Social workers who receive analytic training may facilitate a much needed revival of psychoanalysis as the social enterprise which Freud originally envisioned.Keynote address at the Third National Clinical Conference of the Comittee on Psychoanalysis at New York on November 1, 1990.     

人力资源管理中导师制的框架条件及其行动领域

导师制是当代人力资源开发中的一个现代化工具,为发现和培养有才能的后继人才提供多种可能性,还可以帮助机构与新目标群体建立起联系并促进他们融入组织.学员在导师深入和个性化的指导下不仅能够增进对组织的了解,同时积累经验;导师也同样受益,在指导过程中能够获得新的灵感并反思自己的行为.导师制为不同机构在通向学习型组织的道路上发挥...     

Union membership,economic rents,and migration behavior

This study represents an extension of the human capital paradigm as it relates to an individual’s decision to migrate. It differs from previous studies by incorporating union membership, a labor market variable, into the model. In effect, the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 granted a monopoly bargaining position to unions. The theoretical implication of a union’s monopoly bargaining position is that union wage levels will increase relative to nonunion wages. The increase of relative wages results in union membership granting a property right that possesses positive net present value and hence reduces an employed union member’s probability of migrating. Additionally, the supra-competitive remuneration of union members results in a surplus of labor supplied to union firms. Employers respond by using quality screening to hire workers from the larger labor pool. As a result, unemployed union members will on average possess higher levels of human capital, which will increase their probability of migrating above that of their unemployed nonunion cohorts.     

Equality in a bound that relates the size and the restrained domination number of a graph

Let \(G=(V,E)\) be a graph. A set \(S\subseteq V\) is a restrained dominating set if every vertex in \(V-S\) is adjacent to a vertex in \(S\) and to a vertex in \(V-S\). The restrained domination number of \(G\), denoted \(\gamma _{r}(G)\), is the smallest cardinality of a restrained dominating set of \(G\). The best possible upper bound \(q(n,k)\) is established in Joubert (Discrete Appl Math 161:829–837, 2013) on the size \(m(G)\) of a graph \(G\) with a given order \(n \ge 5\) and restrained domination number \(k \in \{3, \ldots , n-2\}\). We extend this result to include the cases \(k=1,2,n\), and characterize graphs \(G\) of order \(n \ge 1\) and restrained domination number \(k \in \{1,\dots , n-2,n\}\) for which \(m(G)=q(n,k)\).     

Trauma-informed care and elder abuse: a synergistic alliance

ABSTRACT

Elder abuse is a global systemic problem in which one or more traumatic or stressful life experiences directly affect older adults, their families, and communities. Despite its devastating impact, the understanding of—and response to—elder abuse has rarely been explored through a trauma-informed lens. Despite the prevalence of traumatic and stressful life experiences, research and practice are just beginning to target the intersection of elder abuse and life course trauma. This article demonstrates how knowledge about the causes, consequences, and responses to elder abuse can be integrated with the principles of trauma-informed care to improve agency and community responses to preventing or intervening with elder abuse and neglect. In order to address the ongoing problems with detection and treatment of elder abuse, we assert that instilling trauma and elder abuse informed care in organizational services and policies forms a synergistic alliance and would address many of these concerns.     

Assessing Performance Consequences of Changes in Educational Policy: Toward Systematic Experimentation

This paper argues that schools of social work should determine the empirical consequences of risk-taking changes in educational policy. A commitment to systematic experimentation rather than random innovation is urged in order to promote effective curriculum designs, establish an empirical basis for educational policy decisions, and provide quasi-theories about educational policy change. CSWE is seen as a potential coordinator and repository of data about the effects of changes in educational policy. Furthermore, most schools have the resources to carry out significant studies. With these commitments, we can make policy changes that are predictive of desired outcomes.