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121.
Bayen Alexandre Goodman Jesse Vinitsky Eugene 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2022,44(3):1615-1636
Journal of Combinatorial Optimization - We introduce the combinatorial optimization problem Time Disjoint Walks (TDW), which has applications in collision-free routing of discrete objects (e.g.,... 相似文献
122.
Based on the notion that leadership involves affective exchange (Dasborough, Ashkanasy, Tee & Tse, 2009), we hypothesize that a leader's mood and task performance can be determined in part by follower mood displays. In two laboratory experiments, leaders supervised teams where the team members were confederates instructed to display positive or negative moods. Results were that followers' mood influenced leader mood and task performance. Moreover, leaders of positive mood followers were judged to have performed more effectively and expediently than leaders of followers who expressed negative mood states. We replicated these findings in Study 2 and found further that leaders high on neuroticism performed less effectively than their low neuroticism counterparts when interacting with negative-mood followers. Collectively, by demonstrating that follower moods influence leader affect and behaviors, our studies provide support for a core element of the Dasborough et al. (2009) reciprocal affect theory of leadership. 相似文献
123.
Penny Gardiner Mike Leat Eugene Sadler-Smith 《Human Resource Development International》2013,16(3):391-405
This paper looks at learning in organizations as one response to competitive pressure and accelerating environmental change. Two approaches, the learning organization and HRD, are examined in the light of new models of management and learning and a move towards the integration of work, learning, and strategy. The significance of employee participation is considered in relation to learning and some benefits and drawbacks discussed. The development of a learning orientation is seen as an organization-wide responsibility but HR practitioners can play a key role in the promotion of learning by gearing the more traditional HR activities towards the achievement of organizational goals. 相似文献
124.
In line with increased attention on the application of cognitive approaches to industrial, work and organizational psychology, the last 40 years have witnessed a growing interest in application of the cognitive style construct to the field of business and management. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we wish to advance understanding of cognitive styles research by elucidating trends and perspectives related to business and management. Second, we identify gaps in the literature and promising areas of research that can be further developed. This is accomplished by means of a review of papers published between 1969 and 2009. Eight themes emerged from our analysis: (a) vocational and occupational issues; (b) national culture; (c) teamwork and interpersonal relationships; (d) learning; (e) decision making; (f) creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship; (g) sales and marketing; and (h) management information systems, information management and use. Third, we identify valid and reliable methods of assessment of cognitive style for use in business and management settings. Finally we draw a number of conclusions regarding the current state of cognitive styles research and promising directions for future research. 相似文献
125.
Adrian Rice Eugene Seneta 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2005,168(3):615-627
Summary. Whereas the research of the 19th-century mathematician Augustus De Morgan in formal logic is fairly familiar to historians of mathematics, his work in probability is largely unknown to the modern reader. For this reason, few would be aware that this work contains a self-admitted error in probabilistic reasoning. This mistake is intriguing not only because it features in the work of someone who was so expert in logic but also because it appears to be an early example of hypothesis testing, which was a topic of much controversy in the development of mathematical statistics in the 20th century. The paper examines the mathematical and historical details of De Morgan's error. 相似文献
126.
We present a follower-centric model of leadership that integrates multiple levels of analysis, and includes emotional contagion as a key meso-level process. In our model, leadership at the individual level is manifested in terms of the leader's favoritism toward members and affective displays. Drawing upon affective events theory, we argue that member perceptions of a leader's behaviors and member attributions of insincerity result in negative emotions. Through a process of emotional contagion, the negative emotions then spread to other individuals in the group. These are in turn reflected in the group's affective climate and trust climate, and also in the quality of leader-member and team-member relationships. In the end, this results in organizational-level disapproval of the leader and cynicism towards the leader. Included as moderators in the model are task interdependence, the temporal context, reward systems, emotional labor requirements, organizational culture, and power distance. We conclude with a discussion of boundary conditions, and implications of our model for research, theory, and practice. 相似文献
127.
Allinson and Hayes (1996) in the reporting of a new measure, the Cognitive Style Index , made a plea for replication and extension of their work. Using a sample of over one thousand subjects the present study investigated the CSI ÃÂÃÂs construct and concurrent validity. A maximum likelihood factor analysis obtained broadly similar results to those of Allinson and Hayes. No relationship was observed between the CSI and an alternative measure of style (the Cognitive Styles Analysis ). It is argued that cognitive style is independent of gender but that style is related to job level (lower scores were associated with increased seniority). Some evidence was presented which suggests there may be differences in cognitive style between Hong Kong and UK small business owner managers 相似文献
128.
西方环境伦理学在非西方国家中的地位:西方面对东方 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
郭辉 《南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2005,5(1):11-16
西方环境伦理学的历史及西方自然美学的变化风景园林受中国园林影响的例子,说明西方环境伦理观在特定文化下只有通过内化的方式才能被当地文化所接受。西方环境伦理学存在着三个最富争议的问题,即人类中心主义与非人类中心主义的区别,内在价值的理念及自然权力的概念;非西方国家在通过内化西方环境伦理学时应避免陷入对以上问题的争议。西方环境伦理学对东方只具有相对的借鉴意义,要想在特定文化下创造出一个被广泛接受的新的环境伦理,除了对西方环境伦理的吸收、消化外,还需创造出适应当地人及文化的环境伦理话语;东西方应以不同的方式创造各自的环境伦理学。 相似文献
129.
Damla Ergun Grace Deason Eugene Borgida Guy-Uriel Charles 《The Journal of social issues》2008,64(3):619-637
In a series of voting rights cases, the U.S. Supreme Court held that race-based redistricting, particularly the intentional formation of majority–minority districts (districts in which voters of color constitute a majority of eligible voters) may be unconstitutional if race was the predominant factor in the formation of the district. The Court stated that "redistricting legislation that is so bizarre on its face that it is unexplainable on grounds other than race" may violate the Constitution because of the messages such districts send to the public ( Shaw v. Reno , 1993 ). Yet neither the Court nor social scientists have examined whether the existence of race-conscious majority–minority districts sends messages to voters and what the nature of these messages may be. This research begins to address this scientific issue. In a quantitative content analysis, we examined messages about racial redistricting conveyed to citizens via the print media. Our sample consisted of 355 newspaper articles about redistricting included in the Lexis–Nexis database between 1990 and 2005. We found that newspaper coverage of racial districting contains messages to citizens about the motives involved in redistricting, the individuals and groups who are responsible for it, and its actual and expected effects. This finding is consistent with the Supreme Court's assumption that districts, particularly bizarrely shaped ones, convey distinct messages to voters. The specific messages communicated varied in important ways across the articles. Newspapers in states subject to Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act because of their history of discrimination against voters of color covered racial redistricting differently than states not subject to Section 5. We discuss the legal and theoretical implications of these findings for understanding the role of race in legislative redistricting efforts. 相似文献
130.
Russell C. Smith D. Eugene Mead Judith A. Kinsella 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1998,24(1):113-125
This is a critical review of live supervision with emphasis on technical innovations such as earphones or bug-in-the-ear, Teleprompters, and computers. A computer-assisted approach is described that overcomes many criticisms of live supervision. Direct supervision uses a computer monitor to unobtrusively provide information to the therapist about the supervisor's perceptions of the clients' and therapist's behavior, the expected therapeutic behaviors, and the therapist's "on target" behavior. Direct supervision has the advantage over other forms of supervision by providing an immediate, continuous, and permanent record for postsession supervision and for research into the supervisor-therapist-client process. The paper provides several suggestions for research. 相似文献