Developmental trajectories of positivity from mid-childhood to early adolescence: Family and school environmental predictors

This study examined the heterogeneity in positivity trajectories and the predictive roles of family and school environments (i.e., perceived parental warmth and basic psychological need satisfactions at school) from mid-childhood to early adolescence. Elementary school students in China (N = 2204, 54.9% boys, M_age = 9.47 years) completed relevant measures on six occasions, every 6 months. Latent class growth modeling revealed four heterogeneous developmental trajectories of positivity: High-Increasing (50.6%), Moderate Low-Increasing (33.2%), Low-Stable (11.0%), and High-Decreasing (5.2%). Perceived parental warmth and satisfaction of relatedness and competence needs at school significantly predicted trajectory class membership. Findings underscore the value of identifying group difference in positivity development in youth and the need for specific interventions targeting their unique characteristics.     

Factors Mediating the Effects of Others' Responses on the Self*

Either positive or negative feedback was given to seventy-two college students about performance on an ability test. As is usually found, feedback was highly related to students' subsequent self-assessments. Positive and negative feedback were of roughly equal importance when the source of feedback is ignored. However, considering source, negative feedback had greater impact when coming from peers; positive feedback was stronger when coming from a person of higher status.     

HIV and family therapists' duty to warn: a legal and ethical analysis

In the absence of definitive legal precedents, family therapists must decide whether to warn sexual partners of HIV-positive clients when clients themselves refuse to do so. Deciding whether to break confidentiality reaises both legal and ethical issues. Legally, the Tarasoff ruling requires therapists to warn potential victims of illegal dangers posed by clients but does not require therapists to warn potential victims of dangers posed by their clients' legally permissible actions. unless the behavior of the seropositive client is proscribed by state law, warning the clients' partners does not fall within the scope of the Tarasoff ruling. Ethically, therapists must negotiate and adhere to a disclosure policy that balances considerations of respecting autonomy, maintaining integrity (avoiding fraud and betrayal), benefiting clients, and fostering responsibility. Some therapeutic and ethical aspects of these considerations are discussed.     

The Organizational Role of Clinical Practice Models in Interdisciplinary Collaborative Practice

This paper presents a method for using different practice models as the basis for organizing interdisciplinary clinical teams. The different dimensions of multidimensional practice models are used for selecting the various professionals involved in these teams. The Neuman Systems Model (Neuman & Young, 1972; Neuman, 1995) is used to illustrate how this process works by structuring interdisciplinary teams along its five overarching and interrelated dimensions of human experience—psychological, physiological, sociocultural, spiritual and developmental. By extrapolating these five areas to their respective disciplines, a protocol is developed for selecting the necessary professionals while establishing the parameters of each professional's involvement. By specifically addressing the relevant clinical dimensions of a particular model, interdisciplinary teams can formulate a more theoretical, holistic, and comprehensive assessment and treatment plan. This approach also allows multiple client problems to be addressed simultaneously in a more systemic and efficient manner than could be accomplished by any one profession alone. A case study demonstrating the approach is included.     

The ARCH(2) model: Pseudo-maximum estimation and asymptotic results under dependent innovations

This paper investigates the pseudo-maximum likelihood (PML) estimation of an ARCH(2) model when the innovations' law belongs to the quadratic exponential family. In addition, the error terms are conditionally independent, but not necessarily dependent. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the PML estimator are obtained by means of martingale techniques.