新疆哈萨克青年婚恋观变迁分析

随着我国社会发展、改革开放的不断深入,人们的思想观念与传统相比发生了翻天覆地的变化。这些新的思想已经开始冲击哈萨克族原有的思想体质,在婚恋观上,也出现了新的变化并显现出自身独特特点。本文从择偶方式、择偶标准、男女对离婚、再婚的态度等方面对哈萨克青年现代婚恋观与传统婚恋观作了比较,并对现代婚恋观的进步意义以及存在问题进行分析。     

爱的回执单

经过简单培训后，她被分到一家略为偏僻的邮政所，负责信件和包裹的邮寄业务。     

卷土重来的六个有效方法

47岁的克里斯·罗斯是一家大公司的经理,在总部任职,周围的人都对他羡慕不已。但正当他意气风发的时候,上帝却跟他开了个玩笑。一次，公司安排他到国外出差。这一去就是一个月。     

奥巴马掀起社区组织工作热潮

新任美国总统奥巴马曾在很长一段时间里从事社区组织工作，人们相信，这个经历给了奥巴马职业生涯很好的锤炼，对他最后登上美国总统宝座也起到了相当关键的作用。另外，种种现状使得美国年轻人如今在择业时乐于优先考虑社区组织工作——而其中大多数人曾经并不会考虑这个职业。     

菲律宾的巴塔克人

巴塔克人是居住在菲律宾巴拉望岛中部山地的一个民族集团。现在大约有360人,本世纪以来,他们由于接触了并从属于低地菲律宾社会而承受了重压。巴塔克人是一个正在消亡的民族(本世纪30年代他们还有五六百人),许多传统文化习俗已经无可挽回地     

澳大利亚土著艺术

由于澳大利亚土著人善于使用象征性手法,就几乎很难把土著人的艺术与其手艺、宗教和巫术截然分开。大多数艺术表现形式都涉及图腾祖先崇拜的神话传说。土著人制作的各种器具不仅只是为了使用,而且是经过精心制作的装饰品。一个手工艺人制作一     

“邦达昌”在康定设立商号后的第二次复兴

十三世达赖喇嘛时期,"邦达昌"是较早开始经营中国西藏与英印贸易的藏族大商家之一,西藏地方政府把出口英印的西藏羊毛列为专卖商品,"邦达昌"家族成为当时西藏地方政府经营羊毛的代理商。十三世达赖喇嘛圆寂后,"邦达昌"开始转向中国内地与西藏之间的贸易,并于1940年由邦达.多吉在康定设立了"邦达昌"商号,原来的中国西藏与英印贸易扩大到中国西藏、内地、英印三地,使"邦达昌"的经营规模比原来大了很多。而且,最重要的是"邦达昌"为汉、藏之间建立起良好的经济联系,从而促使汉、藏之间政治、文化关系的进一步发展并充当战略性先导,在客观上为后来顺利和平解放西藏作出了巨大贡献。因此,此段历史对于"邦达昌"来讲是第二次复兴。     

Assessing the relevance of higher education courses

The establishment of the European Higher Education Area has involved specifying lists of professional competencies that programs are expected to develop, and with this the need for procedures to measure how every course within a higher education program is aligned with the program's competencies. We propose an instrument for characterizing this alignment, a process that we call assessing the relevance of a course. Using information from the course syllabus (objectives, contents and assessment scheme), our instrument produces indicators for characterizing the syllabus in terms of a competence list and for assessing its coherence. Because assessment involves quality, the results obtained can also be used to revise and improve the course syllabus. We illustrate this process with an example of a methods course from a mathematics teacher education program at a Spanish university.     

Development and evaluation of the physical activity questionnaire for elderly Japanese: the Nakanojo study

The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Elderly Japanese (PAQ-EJ) is a self-administered physical activity questionnaire for elderly Japanese; the authors report here on its repeatability and direct and indirect validity. Reliability was assessed by repeat administration after 1 month. Direct validation was based on accelerometer data collected every 4 s for 1 month in 147 individuals age 65-85 years. Indirect validation against a 10-item Barthel index (activities of daily living [ADL]) was completed in 3,084 individuals age 65-99 years. The test-retest coefficient was high (r = .64-.71). Total and subtotal scores for lower (transportation, housework, and labor) and higher intensity activities (exercise/sports) were significantly correlated with step counts and durations of physical activity <3 and >or=3 METs (r = .41, .28, .53), respectively. Controlling for age and ADL, scores for transportation, exercise/sports, and labor were greater in men, but women performed more housework. Sex- and ADL- or age-adjusted PAQ-EJ scores were significantly lower in older and dependent people. PAQ-EJ repeatability and validity seem comparable to those of instruments used in Western epidemiological studies.     

Widowhood,family size,and post-reproductive Mortality: a comparative Analysis of three populations in Nineteenth-Century Europe

Researchers from a number of disciplines have offered competing theories about the effects oJ childbearing on parents 'postreproductive longevity. The "disposable soma theory" argues that investments in somatic maintenance increase longevity but reduce childbearing. "Maternal depletion" models suggest that the rigors of childrearing increase mortality in later years. Other researchers consider continued childbearing a sign of healthy aging and a predictor of future longevity. Empirical studies have produced inconsistent and contradictory results. Our focus is on the experience of widowhood, which has been ignored in previous studies. We hypothesize that the death of a spouse is a stressful event with long-term consequences for health, especially for women with small children. Data are drawn from historical sources in Sweden, Belgium, and the Netherlands from 1766 to 1980. Postreproductive mortality was highest among young widows with larger families in all three samples. Age at last birth had little or no effect. We conclude that raising children under adverse circumstances can have long-lasting, harmful effects on a mother's health.