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排序方式: 共有446条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
This study uses a regression analysis to explore the cross‐country variation in homicide rates for a large sample of countries. It starts by identifying seven significant regional variables, to which traditional socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional variables are added and tested. The importance of institutions, culture, and other factors affecting homicide rates is discussed. One unexpected finding is a curious relationship between the level of education and homicide rates: while an increase in male education tends to reduce homicide rates, an increase in female education tends to increase homicides. Several possible interpretations for this phenomenon are proposed. The study points to relatively unexplored areas of research in order to better understand homicide variation around the world. 相似文献
32.
Because outliers and leverage observations unduly affect the least squares regression, the identification of influential observations is considered an important and integrai part of the analysis. However, very few techniques have been developed for the residual analysis and diagnostics for the minimum sum of absolute errors, L1 regression. Although the L1 regression is more resistant to the outliers than the least squares regression, it appears that outliers (leverage) in the predictor variables may affect it. In this paper, our objective is to develop an influence measure for the L1 regression based on the likelihood displacement function. We illustrate the proposed influence measure with examples. 相似文献
33.
We explore sustainable paths out of a debt trap with a highly stylized two-sector differential equations model for the stocks of money in Government and Society. The model fits the data for the U.S. between 1981 and 2012 with a coefficient of correlation of 0.996. The solutions provide detailed “escape conditions” from the debt trap. A primary surplus is required. Then a government can escape its debt trap either through sustained annual monetary outflows from society to the government (taxation) but with a low initial growth rate, or through annual monetary inflows into both sectors (stimulus) with higher initial growth rate. We illustrate the use of our model with simulations which show how five indebted countries can escape their debt trap in 30 (or 70) years. 相似文献
34.
Fabio Lopez Chiara Di Bartolo Tommaso Piazza Antonino Passannanti Jörg C. Gerlach Bruno Gridelli Fabio Triolo 《Risk analysis》2010,30(12):1857-1871
International regulatory authorities view risk management as an essential production need for the development of innovative, somatic cell‐based therapies in regenerative medicine. The available risk management guidelines, however, provide little guidance on specific risk analysis approaches and procedures applicable in clinical cell therapy manufacturing. This raises a number of problems. Cell manufacturing is a poorly automated process, prone to operator‐introduced variations, and affected by heterogeneity of the processed organs/tissues and lot‐dependent variability of reagent (e.g., collagenase) efficiency. In this study, the principal challenges faced in a cell‐based product manufacturing context (i.e., high dependence on human intervention and absence of reference standards for acceptable risk levels) are identified and addressed, and a risk management model approach applicable to manufacturing of cells for clinical use is described for the first time. The use of the heuristic and pseudo‐quantitative failure mode and effect analysis/failure mode and critical effect analysis risk analysis technique associated with direct estimation of severity, occurrence, and detection is, in this specific context, as effective as, but more efficient than, the analytic hierarchy process. Moreover, a severity/occurrence matrix and Pareto analysis can be successfully adopted to identify priority failure modes on which to act to mitigate risks. The application of this approach to clinical cell therapy manufacturing in regenerative medicine is also discussed. 相似文献
35.
Deconstructing maternal sensitivity: Predictive relations to mother‐child attachment in home and laboratory settings
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Heidi N. Bailey Annie Bernier Andrée‐Anne Bouvette‐Turcot George M. Tarabulsy David R. Pederson Fabienne Becker‐Stoll 《Social Development》2017,26(4):679-693
Despite the well‐documented importance of parental sensitivity for child development, there is a lack of consensus regarding how best to assess it. We investigated the factor structure of maternal caregiving behavior as assessed at 12 months by the Maternal Behavior Q‐Sort (Pederson & Moran) with 274 mother‐infant dyads. Subsequently, we examined associations between these empirically‐derived dimensions and child attachment, assessed in the home and laboratory (final N = 157). Three dimensions of maternal behavior were identified, corresponding fairly closely to Ainsworth's original scales. They were labeled Cooperation/Attunement, Positivity, and Accessibility/Availability. Only Cooperation/Attunement consistently predicted home‐based attachment at 15 months and 2 years, and at comparable strength to the overall sensitivity score, suggesting that this construct may be central to sensitivity. At 18 months, compared to their primarily secure counterparts, different types of laboratory‐assessed insecure attachment were associated with different patterns of maternal behavior. Mothers in avoidant relationships (n = 18) were low on Cooperation/Attunement and Accessibility/Availability, but fairly high on Positivity. Mothers of disorganized infants (n = 11) were Cooperative/Attuned but somewhat less Positive toward, and less Accessible/Available to, their infants. A multidimensional approach to parental behavior may facilitate the identification of parenting precursors of insecure parent‐child relationships. 相似文献
36.
André Lucas 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(10):2363-2380
This paper considers the robustness properties in the time series context of the least median of squares (LMS) estimator. The influence function of the LMS estimator is derived under additive outlier contamination. This influence function is redescending and bounded for fixed values of the AR parameters. The gross-error sensitivity, however, is an unbounded function of the AR parameters. In order to asses the global robustness behavior of the LMS estimator, we consider several notions of breakdown. The breakdown points of the LMS estimator depend on the value of the underlying AR parameter. Generally, the breakdown point is below one half for high values of the AR parameter. The bias curves of the LMS estimator reveal, however, that the magnitude of outliers has to be considerable in order to cause breakdown. 相似文献
37.
Fabio Baione Paolo De Angelis Massimiliano Menzietti Agostino Tripodi 《Journal of applied statistics》2017,44(10):1875-1892
This paper aims to compare different reinsurance arrangements in order to reduce the longevity and financial risk originated by a life insurer while managing a portfolio of annuities policies. Linear and nonlinear reinsurance strategies as well as swap like agreements are evaluated via a discrete-time actuarial risk model. Specifically, longevity dynamics are represented by Lee–Carter type models, while interest rate is modeled by Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model. The reinsurance strategies effectiveness is evaluated according to the Return on Risk Adjusted Capital under a ruin probability constrain. 相似文献
38.
Rudie Hulst André van Montfort Arto Haveri Jenni Airaksinen Josephine Kelly 《Public Organization Review》2009,9(3):263-285
Comparative research on inter-municipal cooperation in eight European countries shows that there is a great variety of institutional
arrangements for cooperation across the different countries. Also, these arrangements tend to change over time in terms of
the scope of cooperation among partners, their composition and the degree of organizational integration. This article describes
and analyzes the variety of and shifts in institutional arrangements for a specific class of inter-municipal cooperation arrangements:
those that are set up to provide for the joint delivery of public services. It is argued that specific arrangements are typically
the outcomes of interaction between national institutional contexts, environmental factors and local preferences. 相似文献
39.
Leilah Landim Andrés Thompson 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1997,8(4):337-350
This article provides an overview of the emerging non-profit or voluntary sector in Latin America. Specifically, the article
addresses the differences and communalities these non-profit organisations have across the region. It concludes by emphasising
the huge variety of roles and functions performed by non-profit organisations within and across countries, and their often
ambigious position between the private and public realms. 相似文献
40.
Threshold‐free estimation of functional antibody titers of a group B streptococcus opsonophagocytic killing assay
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Luca Moraschini Irene Passalacqua Monica Fabbrini Immaculada Margarit Y Ros Fabio Rigat 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2015,14(3):189-197
Opsonophagocytic killing assays (OPKA) are routinely used for the quantification of bactericidal antibodies in blood serum samples. Quantification of the OPKA readout, the titer, provides the basis for the statistical analysis of vaccine clinical trials having functional immune response endpoints. Traditional OPKA titers are defined as the maximum serum dilution yielding a predefined bacterial killing threshold value, and they are estimated by fitting a dose‐response model to the dilution‐killing curve. This paper illustrates a novel definition of titer, the threshold‐free titer, which preserves biological interpretability while not depending on any killing threshold or on a postulated shape of the dose‐response curve. These titers are shown to be more precise than the traditional threshold‐based titers when using simulated and experimental group B streptococcus OPKA experimental data. Also, titer linearity is shown to be not measurable when using threshold‐based titers, whereas it becomes measurable using threshold‐free titers. The biological interpretability and operational characteristics demonstrated here indicate that threshold‐free titers are an appropriate tool for the routine analysis of OPKA data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献