Parent–child relationships as perceived by Arab adolescents living in Israel

This article concerns how Arab adolescents living in Israel perceive their relationships with their parents by examining six domains of the adolescents' worldviews: caring and trust, family support, control and supervision, general attitudes towards parents, and parent–child communication, both instru-mental and intimate. The sample consists of 662 twelfth-grade Arab adolescents from seven high schools. Findings show significant differences in various domains of Arab adole-scents' worldviews according to gender, form of residence and level of religiosity.     

An Insurance Model for Risk Management of Process Facilities

Most existing risk management models for process industries do not consider the effect of insurance coverage, which results in an overestimation of overall risk. A model is presented in this article to study the effect of insurance coverage of health, safety, environmental, and business risks. The effect of insurance recovery is modeled through the application of adjustment factors by considering the stochastic factors affecting insurance recovery. The insurance contract's conditions, deductibles, and policy limits are considered in developing the insurance recovery adjustment factors. Copula functions and Monte Carlo simulations are used to develop the distribution of the aggregate loss by considering the dependence among loss classes. A case study is used to demonstrate both the practical application of the proposed insurance model to improve management decisions, and the mitigating effect of insurance to minimize the residual risk.     

Appropriateness of the Helpline as a Mode of Service Delivery in Minority Communities: The Case of the Arab Population in Israel

ABSTRACT

In 1996, a project providing a helpline to the Arab-speaking population was established in five different locations in Israel. This article explores the potential fit of the helpline, whose stated goals are to provide psychological support and referral information, as an appropriate mode of service delivery among the Arab population living in Israel, in light of the fact that it constitutes an ethnic and sociopolitical minority with specific cultural norms and values. Such an investigation can make a contribution on both practical and theoretical levels and be another step toward a more culturally sensitive discourse in the helping professions.     

Ordinal ridge regression with categorical predictors

In multi-category response models, categories are often ordered. In the case of ordinal response models, the usual likelihood approach becomes unstable with ill-conditioned predictor space or when the number of parameters to be estimated is large relative to the sample size. The likelihood estimates do not exist when the number of observations is less than the number of parameters. The same problem arises if constraint on the order of intercept values is not met during the iterative procedure. Proportional odds models (POMs) are most commonly used for ordinal responses. In this paper, penalized likelihood with quadratic penalty is used to address these issues with a special focus on POMs. To avoid large differences between two parameter values corresponding to the consecutive categories of an ordinal predictor, the differences between the parameters of two adjacent categories should be penalized. The considered penalized-likelihood function penalizes the parameter estimates or differences between the parameter estimates according to the type of predictors. Mean-squared error for parameter estimates, deviance of fitted probabilities and prediction error for ridge regression are compared with usual likelihood estimates in a simulation study and an application.     

Processes of conservation and change in Arab society in Israel: Implications for the health and welfare of the Arab population

Azaiza F. Processes of conservation and change in Arab society in Israel: Implications for the health and welfare of the Arab population This article reports on a study that examined how modernisation processes affect the Arab citizens of Israel on various levels and how the processes are reconciled with traditional ideals. Modernisation affects formal and informal support systems, affects family lifestyles, has resulted in changes in the treatment of elderly people and has seen modern ideas of health and wellness incorporated with traditional values and ideals. For the Arab citizens of Israel, the conflict of tradition versus modernisation is evident throughout society. Studying the processes of both modernisation and preservation and their implications allows us to better understand and address the needs of the Arab population in Israel. Based on the research presented in this review, processes of modernisation and conservation are conceptualised as a continuum along four dimensions: perceptions of self, sources of social support, health roles and gender roles. The implications of these changes are explored as they relate to various phenomena.     

The perception and utilisation of social support in times of cultural change: the case of Arabs in Israel

Arabs in Israel are currently undergoing a modernisation process characterised by a gradual shift from a collectivistic to an individualistic cultural orientation. During such a transition, perceptions and utilisation of social support assume great significance. This article examines perceptions and utilisation patterns of social support networks among Arabs in Israel. The research population consisted of 507 respondents, representative of the Arab population, randomly selected by means of a telephone survey. Findings are discussed within the context of modernisation processes, collectivistic and individualistic cultural orientations, and their association with the perception and utilisation of social support.     

A Child Labour Estimator: A Case of Bahawalpur Division

Social Indicators Research - Child labor is a distressing issue. There have been many attempts to estimate its magnitude. It is attempted here to develop an estimator to assess the magnitude of...     

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DUAL-EARNER SPOUSES,STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH HOME–WORK DEMANDS AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

Based on Bronfenbrenner's (1979 Bronfenbrenner, V. 1979. The ecology of human development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.  [Google Scholar]) ecological approach, the present study examined attitudes toward various aspects of marital life (gender-role attitudes, reported division of domestic labour and perceived spousal support) among educated Jewish (n?=?59) and Arab-Muslim women (n?=?87) from dual-earner families in Israel. Moreover, we compared the types of strategies used to cope with stress resulting from conflicting home–work demands, as well as emotional well-being and its relation to the other variables under study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires in various parts of Israel, from women employed in the education system and in municipalities. Results point to some cultural differences: Jewish women expressed more liberal gender-role attitudes and reported a more egalitarian division of domestic labour. At the same time, both groups of women tended to use the active coping strategy of concerted efforts to reduce role conflict. Moreover, similar patterns were found regarding the variables that account for emotional well-being. The effect of culture is particularly significant with regard to structural characteristics of marital life, such as the division of domestic labour, but less significant with regard to spousal support and to variables that explain various dimensions of well-being.

Sur la base de l'approche écologique de Bronfenbrenner (1979 Bronfenbrenner, V. 1979. The ecology of human development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.  [Google Scholar]), la présente étude examine les attitudes envers divers aspects de la vie conjugale (attitudes en matière de rôle sexuel, division des tâches domestiques et soutien perçu par le conjoint) parmi les femmes juives (n?=?59) et arabo-musulmanes (n?=?87) éduquées de familles à deux revenus en Israël. En outre, nous avons comparé les types de stratégies appliquées pour gérer le stress résultant des exigences contradictoires maison–travail, ainsi que le bien-être affectif et son rapport à d'autres variables étudiées. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen de questionnaires structurés dans diverses régions d'Israël, auprès de femmes employées dans le système éducatif et dans les municipalités. Les résultats indiquent plusieurs différences culturelles: les femmes juives ont exprimé des attitudes plus libérales quant au rôle sexuel et ont indiqué une répartition plus égalitaire du travail domestique. Par ailleurs, les deux groupes de femmes avaient tendance à utiliser la stratégie opérante active d'efforts concertés pour réduire le conflit des rôles. En outre, des modèles similaires ont été constatés au niveau des variables rendant compte du bien-être affectif. L'effet de culture est particulièrement significatif en ce qui concerne les caractéristiques structurelles de la vie conjugale, telle que le partage des tâches domestiques, mais est moins significatif pour ce qui est du soutien du conjoint et les variables qui expliquent certaines dimensions du bien-être.     

The Performance of Gaussian and non Gaussian dynamic models in assessing market risk: The Implications for risk management

The developing markets are more volatile, unstable illiquid, and more prone to the external shocks. The non Gaussian VaR model gives more accurate risk models than Gaussian VaR models. Hence, the purpose of this study is to test if and how non Gaussian VaR models are comparatively better fit for risk modeling of developing markets than the Gaussian VaR models. The study measures the market risk for the daily closing price of Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index over the period of 2004–2016. The evaluation of VaR models suggests that non Gaussian dynamic model outperformed the Gaussian VaR models in developing markets.