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261.
Jessica De Maeyer Wouter Vanderplasschen Eric Broekaert 《Social indicators research》2009,90(1):107-126
In drug treatment outcome literature, a focus on objective and socially desirable indicators of change (e.g. no drug use)
has predominated, while outcome indicators that are important for drug users themselves (e.g. quality of life, satisfaction
with treatment) have largely been neglected. Nonetheless, Quality of Life (QoL) has become an important concept to evaluate
effectiveness of treatment in mental health care research and disability studies. Given the almost exclusive focus on Health-related
Quality of Life (HRQOL) in substance abuse research and the neglect of clients’ perspectives in this field, we explore in
this study the concept of QoL as perceived by drug users. Focus group discussions (n = 9) were organised in various treatment settings and community services for drug users in the region of Ghent, Belgium to
identify important dimensions of QoL and their interpretation by drug users. Data were clustered and analysed based on the
theoretical framework of Robert Schalock (Quality of life. Volume 1: Conceptualization and measurement, 1996). The domains
‘personal relationships’, ‘social inclusion’ and ‘self-determination’ were discussed most frequently by the participants.
They stressed the importance of a supportive social network in particular. It can be concluded that QoL is not primarily associated
by drug users with health and it involves much more than the aspects typically represented in measures of HRQOL. 相似文献
262.
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265.
This paper proposes a functional connectivity approach, inspired by brain imaging literature, to model cross-sectional dependence.
Using a varying parameter framework, the model allows correlation patterns to arise from complex economic or social relations
rather than being simply functions of economic or geographic distances between locations. It nests the conventional spatial
and factor model approaches as special cases. A Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method implements this approach. A small
scale Monte Carlo study is conducted to evaluate the performance of this approach in finite samples, which outperforms both
a spatial model and a factor model. We apply the functional connectivity approach to estimate a hedonic housing price model
for Paris using housing transactions over the period 1990–2003. It allows us to get more information about complex spatial
connections and appears more suitable to capture the cross-sectional dependence than the conventional methods. 相似文献
266.
We describe a first experiment on whether product complexity affects competition and consumers in retail markets. We are unable
to detect a significant effect of product complexity on prices, except insofar as the demand elasticity for complex products
is higher. However, there is qualified evidence that complex products have the potential to induce consumers to buy more than
they would otherwise. In this sense, consumer exploitability in quantities cannot be ruled out. We also find evidence for
shaping effects: consumers’ preferences are shaped by past experience with prices, and firms may in principle exploit this
to sell more. 相似文献
267.
A Diamond-Stiglitz approach to the demand for self-protection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The existing research concerning the relationship between risk aversion and prudence and the demand for self-protection assumes
that the loss variable follows a Bernoulli distribution, and that changes in the level of self-protection are mean preserving.
The analysis here replaces these two very strong conditions with ones which are more general. When doing this, the method
of analysis is also significantly modified. This modification includes representing a change in the level of self-protection
using the procedure developed by Diamond and Stiglitz (Journal of Economic Theory 8:337-360, 1974) for representing a change in risk. This alternate representation allows the existing findings to be generalized considerably,
and also simplifies the analysis. 相似文献
268.
Sheretta T. Butler-Barnes Stephanie Cook Seanna Leath Cleopatra Caldwell 《Race and social problems》2018,10(1):30-41
This study explored the extent to which private regard and religiosity beliefs serve as protective factors for school bonding among African American and Caribbean black adolescents who experience racial discrimination in school. Findings are drawn from a nationally representative sample of (n = 810) African American and (n = 360) Caribbean black adolescents (52% girls) aged 13–17 (Mage = 15, SD = 1.42) years. Results suggest that perceiving racial discrimination from teachers was associated with lower levels of school bonding for African American and Caribbean black adolescents. For African American adolescents, perceiving more racial discrimination from teachers and reporting lower private regard beliefs was associated with less school bonding. The findings for Caribbean black adolescents revealed that endorsing moderate levels of religiosity and perceiving higher rates of teacher discrimination was associated with less school bonding. The developmental significance and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
269.
Amanda Klekowski von Koppenfels 《Journal of ethnic and migration studies》2019,45(4):595-612
ABSTRACTThis article engages with the understudied phenomenon of the ‘disinterested, denouncing’ diaspora state (Levitt, P., and N. G. Schiller. 2004. “Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society.” International Migration Review 38 (3): 1002–1039. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00227.x) or ‘indifferent’ diaspora state (Ragazzi, F. 2009. “Governing Diasporas.” International Political Sociology 3 (4): 378–397. doi:10.1111/j.1749-5687.2009.00082.x). Focusing on U.S. citizens abroad, the article argues that there is negative diasporic outreach on the part of the state – ‘disinterested’ from the state's perspective, but ‘denouncing’ from that of the diaspora. Negative diasporic outreach is exemplified by the 2010 FATCA legislation, which sought to root out tax evaders resident in the U.S., but has, instead, affected millions of American emigrants through increased financial control and the repercussions of those policies, and has resulted in sharply higher citizenship renunciation figures. Impact on an American diaspora was not considered in the law's proposal, debate and passage into law. Second, the article argues that this negative diasporic outreach, in combination with the continued facilitation of the right to vote, is a reflection of the inclusion of these American emigrants in the American state, but their simultaneous exclusion from the American nation. 相似文献
270.
Over the last five years, scholars from a wide variety of disciplines have problematized the discourse of “adolescent female exceptionalism” (Switzer in Fem Theory 14(3):345–360, 2013, p. 4) popularized by the NIKE Foundation’s Girl Effect. Arriving at similar conclusions, scholars point to the artificial neocolonial divisions between ‘the West’ and ‘the rest’ of the world animated by an ‘invest in girls’ logic. This paper endeavors to move beyond the “oppositional girlhoods” (Bent in Sociol Stud Child Youth 16(1):3–20, 2013a, p. 7) bind of girl effects discourse to propose that differentially positioned and experienced girlhoods might be better understood as transnational, relational cultural formations. Drawing from our empirical research with girls in North America and Sub-Saharan Africa, we consider the implications of girls’ increasing global visibility as the ‘saviors of humanity’ from different geopolitical contexts. We then go further to suggest the oppositional girlhoods frame assumes reductive, apolitical, and ahistorical claims of divergence between girlhoods in the Global North and Global South “with highly unequal effects” (Gonick et al. in Girlhood Stud 2(3):1–9, 2009, p. 3). By countering the normative construction of global girlhoods as mutually exclusive forms of personhood and historical experience, our project authorizes a new understanding of girlhoods as mutually constituted and relationally contingent. It is from within this relational framework that we propose new directions for thinking about girlhoods transnationally. 相似文献