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41.
Glenn H. Stewart Maria E. Ignatieva Colin D. Meurk Hannah Buckley Benjamin Horne Toni Braddick 《Urban Ecosystems》2009,12(3):233-248
Christchurch urban lawns are dominated by non-native grasses and forbs. However, we document considerable plant diversity;
the total number of species encountered in our 327 sampled lawns was 127, although 80 species occurred in <2% of lawns. Seven
distinct lawn communities were identified by Two-Way INdicator SPecies ANalysis using occurrence of 47 species that occurred
in > 2% of lawns. Our ability to explain variation in species composition was surprisingly good and indicates intensity of
lawn maintenance such as frequency of mowing, irrigation, fertiliser, and herbicide use and whether clippings are removed
or not plays the major role. Species richness significantly declines with an increase in total area of contiguous lawn, leaf
litter cover, the presence of grass clippings, and on loamy soil. Hence, park lawns with coarser management had lower species
richness than residential lawns. Native species were more prevalent in well tended residential lawns, where more frequent
mowing and removal of clippings or litter build-up diminishes shoot competition or shading. There is tremendous potential
for more native species in New Zealand lawns which would contribute substantially to the conservation of endangered lowland
herbaceous flora. 相似文献
42.
43.
Jae A. Puckett Sharon G. Horne Francisco Surace Alice Carter Nicole Noffsinger-Frazier Julie Shulman 《Journal of homosexuality》2017,64(6):697-715
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth (LGBY) report higher rates of mental health concerns compared to heterosexual youth due to minority stressors. This study examined the interpersonal and intrapersonal variables that predict psychological distress and self-reported suicide attempts in a sample of 61 LGBY in the Mid-South, which is a highly overlooked regional area for LGBY research. Youth who lost friends when coming out were 29 times more likely to report suicide attempts, and those who experienced psychological maltreatment from caregivers were 9.5 times more likely to report a suicide attempt. Internalized heterosexism, feelings of guilt or shame, and psychological maltreatment from caregivers were significant predictors of depression and anxiety symptoms. This study highlights the importance of creating affirming spaces for LGBY, particularly in areas of the country that experience greater political oppression of sexual minorities, such as the Mid-South. 相似文献
44.
Edward J. Oughton Mike Hapgood Gemma S. Richardson Ciarn D. Beggan Alan W. P. Thomson Mark Gibbs Catherine Burnett C. Trevor Gaunt Markos Trichas Rabia Dada Richard B. Horne 《Risk analysis》2019,39(5):1022-1043
Space weather phenomena have been studied in detail in the peer‐reviewed scientific literature. However, there has arguably been scant analysis of the potential socioeconomic impacts of space weather, despite a growing gray literature from different national studies, of varying degrees of methodological rigor. In this analysis, we therefore provide a general framework for assessing the potential socioeconomic impacts of critical infrastructure failure resulting from geomagnetic disturbances, applying it to the British high‐voltage electricity transmission network. Socioeconomic analysis of this threat has hitherto failed to address the general geophysical risk, asset vulnerability, and the network structure of critical infrastructure systems. We overcome this by using a three‐part method that includes (i) estimating the probability of intense magnetospheric substorms, (ii) exploring the vulnerability of electricity transmission assets to geomagnetically induced currents, and (iii) testing the socioeconomic impacts under different levels of space weather forecasting. This has required a multidisciplinary approach, providing a step toward the standardization of space weather risk assessment. We find that for a Carrington‐sized 1‐in‐100‐year event with no space weather forecasting capability, the gross domestic product loss to the United Kingdom could be as high as £15.9 billion, with this figure dropping to £2.9 billion based on current forecasting capability. However, with existing satellites nearing the end of their life, current forecasting capability will decrease in coming years. Therefore, if no further investment takes place, critical infrastructure will become more vulnerable to space weather. Additional investment could provide enhanced forecasting, reducing the economic loss for a Carrington‐sized 1‐in‐100‐year event to £0.9 billion. 相似文献
45.
Contributions to public goods benefit all group members, yet research shows that generous group members are sometimes punished. We argue that when such antisocial punishment efforts are public, the consistency of group member contributions will encourage individuals to punish atypically generous group members. Similarly, when behavior of group members is consistent, the publicness of punishment will increase antisocial punishment. Both of these effects will be weaker for individuals who are interested in getting to know the generous deviant. We test our hypotheses in a public goods experiment and find support. Our findings contribute to the norms literature, in particular, to understanding of antisocial punishment. 相似文献
46.
This article reports on a study of children's experiences of being physically restrained by staff in a range of custodial settings. The research was carried out in collaboration with a team of young researchers, and generated rich and insightful accounts of children's experiences of legitimised violence in the form of ‘restraint’. These lead us to reflect on whether this is a normal and justifiable feature of custody, or as oppressive and unacceptable to the extent that it represents a form of brutalisation, and an unnecessary, unjustifiable and repressive form of control, where the rights of children are routinely transgressed. 相似文献
47.
Sharon G. Horne Heidi M. Levitt Kristin Kay Sweeney Julia A. Puckett Martavius L. Hampton 《Journal of sex research》2015,52(7):807-820
Gay families are constructed support networks that gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals of color form, often in response to societal marginalization and rejection from biological families. Research on these family structures has been scarce, with little focus on the experience of African American gay family networks in the South. The current grounded theory qualitative study focused on the experiences of 10 African American male and transgender individuals between the ages of 18 and 29 from gay families in the Mid-South, and explored the ways these families addressed safe-sex issues and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk prevention. Results revealed that families can play a role in either increasing HIV risk (e.g., ignoring HIV issues, encouraging such unsafe behaviors as exchanging sex for money or drugs, stigmatizing HIV-positive people) or decreasing it (e.g., intensive, family-level prevention efforts at safe-sex practices and family support for HIV treatment adherence). The potential of these family networks for HIV prevention and adherence efforts is considered. 相似文献
48.
Anna C. Thomas Felicity C. Allen James Phillips 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):343-355
Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are known to be a particularly risky form of gambling (Petry. Addiction 98(5):645–655,
2003). It is vital that researchers and clinicians are aware of factors which could lead to people having problems with this
form. Gambling motivation is one such factor. This study developed a measure of EGM gambling motivations based on the results
of qualitative research conducted with EGM problem gamblers and experienced counsellors (Thomas et al. Int J Mental Health
Addiction 7:97–107, 2009). A community based sample of 232 females (M = 29.60 years of age, SD = 15.41 years) and 123 males
(M = 29.64 years of age, SD = 12.29 years) participated. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three motivational factors
indicating people gambled on EGMs to escape, for its accessibility and for the social environment. Gambling to escape and
for its accessibility had substantial positive correlations with frequency of EGM gambling and gambling problems. Social environment
correlated less well with these indicators of excessive gambling. Correlations between factors suggested the accessible, social
experience offered by EGM venues increases their appeal as a means of escape. The new subscales were internally consistent
and demonstrated good evidence of validity. This new measure will facilitate future investigations into the relationships
between gambling motivations, other aetiological factors and EGM problem gambling. 相似文献
49.
Heidi M. Levitt Sharon G. Horne Cara Herbitter Maria Ippolito Teresa Reeves Linda R. Baggett 《Journal of gay & lesbian social services》2016,28(1):67-91
This qualitative study explored the experience of sexual minority stressors and corresponding resilience. Using a grounded theory approach, the core category identified in the analysis was minority stress results from systemic factors that cause lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people to face competition between their desires for authenticity and self-determination. These findings shed light upon the insidious nature of minority stress, especially within U.S. contexts that lack protective legislation, and the adaptive strategies people use to mitigate their effects. By positioning resilience as a choice between authenticity and self-determination, resilience is understood to lessen but not resolve the deleterious impact of sexual minority stress. 相似文献
50.
Felicity Butler 《Gender and development》2014,22(3):533-547
This article discusses insights from a research study of an innovative community Fair Trade initiative which has a pricing model that recognises the unpaid work of women. It argues that women's unpaid work represents an important input into production and should be valued and renumerated. This initiative is a joint project between The Body Shop International and its partner, Cooperativa Juan Francisco Paz Silva, a sesame-producing co-operative in Nicaragua. By recognising the unpaid work of women, which has always been taken for granted, the project highlights gender equality and calls it into question. The findings of the research study show that despite the uneven impact of Fair Trade on gender and the household, the recognition of the unpaid work of women in the price, coupled with other enabling factors, can have a positive impact. This has implications for governments, companies, and development policymakers and practitioners. 相似文献