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101.
The objectives of the study are threefold: (1) to provide estimates of the total populations and spatial distributions of
different language groups in Turkey, (2) to test whether the commonly held belief that Turkish-speaking and Kurdish-speaking
populations are “actors” of different demographic regimes is true, and (3) to assess whether a process of integration, in
the form of intermarriage of Turks and Kurds is under way in Turkey. Data come mainly from the 2003 Turkish Demographic and
Health Survey (TDHS-2003). Based on the assumption that the mother tongue composition of women is also representative of that
of the whole population, the results of the TDHS-2003 imply that of the population of Turkey, 83% are Turkish-speaking, 14%
are Kurdish-speaking, 2% are Arabic-speaking and the remaining 1% belong to other language groups. Results show that despite
intensive internal migration movements in the last 50 years, strong demographic differentials exist between Turkish and Kurdish-speaking
populations, and that the convergence of the two groups does not appear to be a process under way. Turks and Kurds do indeed
appear to be actors of different demographic regimes, at different stages of demographic and health transition processes. 相似文献
102.
Social vulnerability and migration in the wake of disaster: the case of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This study explores the relationship between place-based social vulnerability and post-disaster migration in the U.S. Gulf
Coast region following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Using county-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we develop a regional
index of social vulnerability and examine how its various dimensions are related to migration patterns in the wake of the
storms. Our results show that places characterized by greater proportions of disadvantaged populations, housing damage, and,
to a lesser degree, more densely built environments were significantly more likely to experience outmigration following the
hurricanes. Our results also show that these relationships were not spatially random, but rather exhibited significant geographic
clustering. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for future research and public policy. 相似文献
103.
This paper uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to test the hypotheses that (1) similar to other
positive pre- and post-natal outcomes, Mexican immigrant mothers are more likely to breastfeed, and to breastfeed longer,
than white or Mexican-American mothers; and (2) acculturation accounts for the ethnic/nativity differential in breastfeeding
initiation and duration. The results support both hypotheses. Mexican immigrants to the U.S. are much more likely than whites
to breastfeed, and to breastfeed longer. Mexican-American mothers, after controlling for background characteristics, have
similar initiation and duration to whites. Using expanded acculturation measures developed for this paper, acculturation accounts
for some of the difference between whites and Mexican immigrants in breastfeeding initiation, and much of the difference for
breastfeeding duration. The results suggest that low levels of acculturation operate to protect Mexican immigrants from choosing
to formula-feed, which gives their babies many health advantages, and may be associated with better health outcomes across
the life course. The results also suggest that successive generations of Mexican immigrants may abandon breastfeeding, which
is deleterious for their infants. 相似文献
104.
Ann Morning 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):239-272
Academic interest in official systems of racial and ethnic classification has grown in recent years, but most research on
such census categories has been limited to small case studies or regional surveys. In contrast, this article analyzes a uniquely
global data set compiled by the United Nations Statistical Division to survey the approaches to ethnic enumeration taken in
141 countries. The motives for this analysis combine theoretical, applied, and policy objectives. I find that 63% of the national
censuses studied incorporate some form of ethnic enumeration, but their question and answer formats vary along several dimensions
that betray diverse conceptualizations of ethnicity (for example, as “race” or “nationality”). Moreover, these formats follow
notably regional patterns. Nonetheless, the variety of approaches can be grouped into a basic taxonomy of ethnic classification
approaches, suggesting greater commonality in worldwide manifestations of the ethnicity concept than some have recognized.
相似文献
Ann MorningEmail: |
105.
Myron P. Gutmann Kristine Witkowski Corey Colyer JoAnne McFarland O’Rourke James McNally 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(6):639-665
Spatially explicit data pose a series of opportunities and challenges for all the actors involved in providing data for long-term
preservation and secondary analysis—the data producer, the data archive, and the data user. We report on opportunities and
challenges for each of the three players, and then turn to a summary of current thinking about how best to prepare, archive,
disseminate, and make use of social science data that have spatially explicit identification. The core issue that runs through
the paper is the risk of the disclosure of the identity of respondents. If we know where they live, where they work, or where
they own property, it is possible to find out who they are. Those involved in collecting, archiving, and using data need to
be aware of the risks of disclosure and become familiar with best practices to avoid disclosures that will be harmful to respondents.
相似文献
Myron P. GutmannEmail: |
106.
M-quantile models with application to poverty mapping 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nikos Tzavidis Nicola Salvati Monica Pratesi Ray Chambers 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2008,17(3):393-411
Over the last decade there has been growing demand for estimates of population characteristics at small area level. Unfortunately,
cost constraints in the design of sample surveys lead to small sample sizes within these areas and as a result direct estimation,
using only the survey data, is inappropriate since it yields estimates with unacceptable levels of precision. Small area models
are designed to tackle the small sample size problem. The most popular class of models for small area estimation is random
effects models that include random area effects to account for between area variations. However, such models also depend on
strong distributional assumptions, require a formal specification of the random part of the model and do not easily allow
for outlier robust inference. An alternative approach to small area estimation that is based on the use of M-quantile models
was recently proposed by Chambers and Tzavidis (Biometrika 93(2):255–268, 2006) and Tzavidis and Chambers (Robust prediction
of small area means and distributions. Working paper, 2007). Unlike traditional random effects models, M-quantile models do
not depend on strong distributional assumption and automatically provide outlier robust inference. In this paper we illustrate
for the first time how M-quantile models can be practically employed for deriving small area estimates of poverty and inequality.
The methodology we propose improves the traditional poverty mapping methods in the following ways: (a) it enables the estimation
of the distribution function of the study variable within the small area of interest both under an M-quantile and a random
effects model, (b) it provides analytical, instead of empirical, estimation of the mean squared error of the M-quantile small
area mean estimates and (c) it employs a robust to outliers estimation method. The methodology is applied to data from the
2002 Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) in Albania for estimating (a) district level estimates of the incidence of
poverty in Albania, (b) district level inequality measures and (c) the distribution function of household per-capita consumption
expenditure in each district. Small area estimates of poverty and inequality show that the poorest Albanian districts are
in the mountainous regions (north and north east) with the wealthiest districts, which are also linked with high levels of
inequality, in the coastal (south west) and southern part of country. We discuss the practical advantages of our methodology
and note the consistency of our results with results from previous studies. We further demonstrate the usefulness of the M-quantile
estimation framework through design-based simulations based on two realistic survey data sets containing small area information
and show that the M-quantile approach may be preferable when the aim is to estimate the small area distribution function. 相似文献
107.
108.
This article examines the occupational mobility of immigrants between their countries of origin and Spain on the basis of one of the few surveys available internationally with longitudinal information on immigrant employment in home and host countries. The evidence shows that the occupational status of immigrants in the Spanish labour market is, in general, substantially worse than in their countries of origin. The severe loss of occupational status experienced by immigrants is explained by the combined effect of the intense initial downgrading they experience when entering the Spanish labour market and their very slow occupational progress during their stay in Spain. These findings are more in line with the segmented assimilation theory, which suggests a limited or blocked immigrant occupational mobility, than with the assimilation theory, which predicts a U shaped evolution in the occupational status of immigrants between their home and host countries. As a result, the Spanish case contrasts sharply with previous evidence for other advanced countries, which tends to support the assimilation perspective. Finally, the empirical evidence suggests that one of the elements impeding the occupational mobility of immigrants in Spain is the significant size of the secondary segment of the labour market, which restricts immigrants’ opportunities mainly to low-status occupations. 相似文献
109.
Viola Lászlófi 《Canadian Slavonic papers》2019,61(2):164-185
ABSTRACTIn Hungary, until the end of the 1940s, there were two main established methods of occupying the mentally ill who were fit for work. From the end of the nineteenth century, a lesser number of patients underwent work therapy in mental asylums, whereas the others were treated with so-called family therapy (otherwise known as the heterofamilial system), exploiting the capacities of families in the countryside. As an important part of this, the mentally ill helped in housekeeping and agricultural work. However, following the political and ideological turn of 1948, the latter form of treatment became debated, and then it was gradually superseded. Parallel to this process, work therapy came to be the most popular type of treatment for mental illnesses, as work formed the basis of the ideology of the communist state, and thus, healing through work harmonized with the general tendencies of the era. This article examines texts related to work therapy published in neurological–psychiatric and psychological journals and monographs between 1954 and 1964. However, although work therapy appeared to be the “handmaiden of ideology,” and even though it was supposed to fulfil a particular role, in reality, the role and perception of work therapy were a lot more complicated. 相似文献
110.
Sergey Timonin Inna Danilova Evgeny Andreev Vladimir M. Shkolnikov 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2017,33(5):733-763
After several decades of negative trends and short-term fluctuations, life expectancy has been increasing in Russia since 2004. Between 2003 and 2014, the length of life rose by 6.6 years among males and by 4.6 years among females. While positive trends in life expectancy are observed in all regions of Russia, these trends are unfolding differently in different regions. First, regions entered the phase of life expectancy growth at different points in time. Second, the age- and cause-specific components of the gains in life expectancy and the number of years added vary noticeably. In this paper, we apply decomposition techniques—specifically, the stepwise replacement algorithm—to examine the age- and cause-specific components of the changes in inter-regional disparities during the current period of health improvement. The absolute inter-regional disparities in length of life, measured by the population-weighted standard deviation, decreased slightly between 2003 and 2014, from 3.3 to 3.2 years for males, and from 2.0 to 1.8 years for females. The decomposition of these small changes by ages and causes of death shows that these shifts were the result of diverse effects of mortality convergence at young and middle ages, and of mortality divergence at older ages. With respect to causes of death, the convergence is mainly attributable to external causes, while the inter-regional divergence of trends is largely determined by cardiovascular diseases. The two major cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg, are currently pioneering mortality improvements in Russia and are making the largest contributions to the inter-regional divergence. 相似文献