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81.
Frédéric Gaspart 《Social Choice and Welfare》1997,15(1):95-112
The concern for measuring well-being objectively (as opposed to subjectively, that is, relying only on preferences) is found
in modern political philosophy, especially in J. Rawls’s, A. Sen’s and G. Cohen’s writings. This paper explains the implications
of using an objective well-being index as equalisandum or, close to the so-called “safety net preoccupation”, to guarantee a well-being lower bound. In the simple production model
studied here, five characterization results and two related theorems prove the convergence of both approaches. We come to
the conclusion that the Proportional Solution is the dominant solution according to “objectivist” axioms.
Received: 5 September 1994/Accepted: 29 June 1996 相似文献
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Against the background of the high feminization of the German agency sector, this article investigates 2 specific factors that help explain women's careers in public relations agencies: gender stereotypes and the organizational context. We present parts of a recent German explorative study: Long interviews were conducted with 13 female public relations experts to explain their view on women's situation in public relations in general and to describe their own careers. Findings reveal the evolution of a “PR bunny” stereotype that adds a negative touch to the female image as “natural born communicators.” Furthermore, our results support the argument that women seem to prefer (a) the organizational culture of public relations agencies, (b) agency-specific job tasks, and (c) agency-specific work processes. Possible consequences for practitioners and the profession are discussed. 相似文献
85.
Xavier Chojnicki Fr��d��ric Docquier Lionel Ragot 《Journal of population economics》2011,24(1):317-359
This paper examines the economic impact of the second great immigration wave (1945–2000) on the US economy. Our analysis relies
on a computable general equilibrium model combining the major interactions between immigrants and natives (labor market impact,
fiscal impact, capital deepening, endogenous education, endogenous inequality). Contrary to recent studies, we show that immigration
induced important net gains and small redistributive effects among natives. According to our simulations, the postwar US immigration
is beneficial for all natives cohorts and all skill groups. Nevertheless, the gains would have been larger if the US had conducted
a more selective immigration policy. 相似文献
86.
We consider a non-centered parameterization of the standard random-effects model, which is based on the Cholesky decomposition
of the variance-covariance matrix. The regression type structure of the non-centered parameterization allows us to use Bayesian
variable selection methods for covariance selection. We search for a parsimonious variance-covariance matrix by identifying
the non-zero elements of the Cholesky factors. With this method we are able to learn from the data for each effect whether
it is random or not, and whether covariances among random effects are zero. An application in marketing shows a substantial
reduction of the number of free elements in the variance-covariance matrix. 相似文献
87.
Since correspondence analysis appears to be sensitive to outliers, it is important to be able to evaluate the sensitivity of the data on the results. This article deals with measuring the influence of rows and columns on the results obtained with correspondence analysis. To establish the influence of individuals on the analysis, we use the notion of influence curve and we propose a general criterion based on the mean square error to measure the sensitivity of the correspondence analysis and its robustness. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the notions developed in this article. 相似文献
88.
Nathalie Villa Martin Paegelow Maria T. Camacho Olmedo Laurence Cornez Frédéric Ferraty Louis Ferré 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(1):73-86
Using former maps, geographers intend to study the evolution of the land cover in order to have a prospective approach on the future landscape; predictions of the future land cover, by the use of older maps and environmental variables, are usually done through the GIS (Geographic Information System). We propose here to confront this classical geographical approach with statistical approaches: a linear parametric model (polychotomous regression modeling) and a nonparametric one (multilayer perceptron). These methodologies have been tested on two real areas on which the land cover is known at various dates; this allows us to emphasize the benefit of these two statistical approaches compared to GIS and to discuss the way GIS could be improved by the use of statistical models. 相似文献
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Seynnes O Hue OA Garrandes F Colson SS Bernard PL Legros P Fiatarone Singh MA 《Journal of aging and physical activity》2005,13(4):395-408
The relationship between isometric force control and functional performance is unknown. Submaximal steadiness and accuracy were measured during a constant force-matching task at 50% of maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors in 19 older women (70-89 years). Other variables included MVC, rate of torque development, and EMG activity. Functional performance was assessed during maximal performance of walking endurance, chair rising, and stair climbing. Isometric steadiness (but not accuracy) was found to independently predict chair-rise time and stair-climbing power and explained more variance in these tasks than any other variable. Walking endurance was related to muscle strength but not steadiness. These results suggest that steadiness is an independent predictor of brief, stressful functional-performance tasks in older women with mild functional impairment. Thus, improving steadiness might help reduce functional limitations or disability in older adults. 相似文献