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Yong F 《Journal of gerontological social work》2007,49(1-2):115-126
The Olmstead decision declared unnecessary institutionalization as discrimination and triggered an expansion of community-based care for all people with disabilities including the elderly, thus accelerating integration. Setting a context for Olmstead and related social work interventions, this paper describes the evolution of definitions of disability and examines how social work has responded to the development of critical social policies aimed at increasing community integration. 相似文献
214.
Measuring Capacities for Community Resilience 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The purpose of this study was to measure the sets of adaptive capacities for Economic Development and Social Capital in the
Norris et al. (2008) community resilience model with publicly accessible population indicators. Our approach involved five steps. First, we conducted
a literature review on measurements of the capacities. Second, we created an exhaustive “wish list” of relevant measures that
operationalized the concepts presented in the literature. Third, we identified data sources and searched for archival, population-level
data that matched our indicators. Fourth, we systematically tested correlations of indicators within and across the theoretical
elements and used this information to select a parsimonious group of indicators. Fifth, we combined the indicators into composites
of Economic Development and Social Capital and an additive index of Community Resilience using Mississippi county data, and
validated these against a well-established index of social vulnerability and aggregated survey data on collective efficacy.
We found that our measure of community resilience capacities correlated favorably and as expected when validated with the
archival and survey data. This study provides the first step in identifying existing capacities that may predict a community’s
ability to “bounce back” from disasters, thereby reducing post-trauma health and mental health problems. 相似文献
215.
Julie Devaney Nancy Barry Fran Odette Linda Muraca Sharmini Fernando 《Disability & Society》2009,24(6):739-751
This article is the first phase in the Gateways to Cancer Screening project – a user‐driven participatory research project that examines barriers and facilitators to preventive cancer screening for women with physical mobility disabilities. Through a systematic review of the existing literature on this subject we discover that, despite the fact that women with disabilities have the same biological risk of developing cancer as non‐disabled women, women with mobility impairments face systemic, architectural, procedural and attitudinal barriers to preventive cancer screening. Our goals are to identify barriers and facilitators to screening, identify the gaps in the existing literature related to issues of diversity and ultimately set the stage for disabled women to effect change through the telling of their own stories. 相似文献
216.
This research examines the relationship between independent directors, the audit committee (AC), and firm performance, taking into account the impact of the chief executive officer’s powers and block shareholders. We use the maximum likelihood estimator, based on agency theory assumptions and cylindered panel data, to examine three models of firm performance. The results show that the independence of the board is reflected clearly by increased economic and equity performance of the firm. However, an AC that is fully independent or meets frequently is associated with lower firm performance. Unlike pension funds, institutional shareholders can be considered an effective control mechanism in the context of France. Our results development includes advanced explanations for market liquidity and shareholders’ portfolios. The study period ends before the European regulation on ACs came into effect in 2008. This allows for an appreciation of soft law in French corporate governance. It also lets us compare the data with the way firms operate their boards one decade later. The evidence provides useful guidelines on the supremacy of soft law in corporate governance and suggests that the composition and functioning of the board of directors should be moderated based on the firms’ context. The specificity of the cylindered panel data helps to better examine the impact of the board and AC’s independence and functioning in French corporate governance structure. 相似文献
217.
Field education in practice settings and its assessment are essential for the education of social work students. Many challenges in providing consistent, transparent and equitable assessment in field education have been identified in the international literature. This paper discusses the findings from an Australian three stage participatory action research project between social work and teacher education which aimed to develop authentic assessment tools. This paper focuses on the social work component of the research. The research process resulted in the development of 10 generic assessment frameworks presented as an online resource (socialworkfieldassessment.net). Each framework links specific learning challenges with relevant practice standards, suggested learning strategies, types of evidence produced by these strategies and ways of making a judgement based on the evidence produced. The frameworks provide guidelines with ideas, suggestions and resources which can be adapted to specific placement contexts. By examining the frameworks utilising Darling-Hammond and Snyder’s four criteria for authentic assessment, it is concluded the frameworks contribute to authentic assessment as well as being a useful resource for assessment in field education both nationally within Australia and internationally. 相似文献
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Anthropometry has long been used for a range of ergonomic applications & product design. Although products are often designed for specific cohorts, anthropometric data are typically sourced from large scale surveys representative of the general population. Additionally, few data are available for emerging markets like China and India. This study measured 80 Chinese males that were representative of a specific cohort targeted for the design of a new product. Thirteen anthropometric measurements were recorded and compared to two large databases that represented a general population, a Chinese database and a Western database. Substantial differences were identified between the Chinese males measured in this study and both databases. The subjects were substantially taller, heavier and broader than subjects in the older Chinese database. However, they were still substantially smaller, lighter and thinner than Western males. Data from current Western anthropometric surveys are unlikely to accurately represent the target population for product designers and manufacturers in emerging markets like China. 相似文献
220.
Seat pressure is known as a major factor of seat comfort in vehicles. In passenger vehicles, there is lacking research into the seat comfort of rear seat occupants. As accurate seat pressure measurement requires significant effort, simulation of seat pressure is evolving as a preferred method. However, analytic methods are based on complex finite element modeling and therefore are time consuming and involve high investment. Based on accurate anthropometric measurements of 64 male subjects and outboard rear seat pressure measurements in three different passenger vehicles, this study investigates if a set of parameters derived from seat pressure mapping are sensitive enough to differentiate between different seats and whether they correlate with anthropometry in linear models. In addition to the pressure map analysis, H-Points were measured with a coordinate measurement system based on palpated body landmarks and the range of H-Point locations in the three seats is provided. It was found that for the cushion, cushion contact area and cushion front area/force could be modeled by subject anthropometry, while only seatback contact area could be modeled based on anthropometry for all three vehicles. Major differences were found between the vehicles for other parameters. 相似文献