On the characterization and economic evaluation of income mobility as a process of distributional change

The paper employs a rank-dependent formulation of the social welfare function with time-separable utilities to evaluate the economic consequences of the mobility process underlying the transformation of the income distribution over time. The resultant class of measures can be decomposed either in terms of structural and exchange mobility or in terms of vertical and horizontal mobility, thereby encompassing two major approaches in the literature. Illustrative results show that income mobility in the USA was both less pro-poor in absolute terms and more horizontally inequitable than in Germany, but that the latter did not translate into higher exchange mobility given higher levels of absolute inequality and the vertical stance of the growth process.     

Gambling Harm and Crime Careers

Incarcerated populations across the world have been found to be consistently and significantly more vulnerable to problem gambling than general populations in the same countries. In an effort to gain a more specific understanding of this vulnerability the present study applied latent class analysis and criminal career theory to gambling data collected from a sample of English and Scottish, male and female prisoners (N = 1057). Theoretical links between gambling and crime were tested through three hypotheses: (1) that prisoners in the UK would have higher rates of problem gambling behaviour than the national population; (2) that if the link between gambling and crime is coincidental, gambling behaviour would be highly prevalent in an offending population, and (3) if connections between gambling behaviour and offending are co-symptomatic a mediating factor would show a strong association. The first of these was supported, the second was not supported and the third was partially supported. Latent class analysis found six gambling behaviour clusters measured by responses to the Problem Gambling Severity Index, primarily distinguished by loss chasing behaviour. Longitudinal offending data drawn from the Police National Computer database found four criminal career types, distinguished by frequency and persistence over time. A significant association was found between higher level loss chasing and high rate offending in criminal careers suggesting that impulse control may be a mediating factor for both gambling harm and criminal careers.     

The Leadership Quarterly Yearly Review for 2010: A scholarly tribute to Bernard M. Bass and James G. Hunt

In this introduction to The Leadership Quarterly Yearly Review for 2010, an overview of the issue and the nine articles is presented. An attempt is made to emulate and integrate the writing styles of Bernard M. (Bernie) Bass (especially for the article overviews) and James G. (Jerry) Hunt (especially from prior Yearly Review introductions), as a tribute to their contributions to leadership research in general and The Leadership Quarterly in particular.     

Report on matching procedures of a dual record system in the southern Philippines

There are generally three stages to the development of rules for matching vital events data from two sources covering the same population: (a) establishing a set of “true” matches and nonmatches; (b) determining the best tolerance limits for each single characteristic which might be used in matching; and (c) experimenting to determine the set or sets of characteristics and the weights to be used in classifying a pair of records as matched or nonmatched. Specific examples, based on early matching experiments with data from the dual record system of the Mindanao Center for Population Studies (MCPS), are presented. Successive application of different sets of characteristics (differential valence rule) to the remaining unmatched events produced an acceptable rule for matching in this study.     

“Wearing a Mask Won't Protect Us from Our History”: The Impact of COVID-19 on Black Children and Families

The data on COVID-19 show an irrefutable and disturbing pattern: Black Americans are contracting and dying from COVID-19 at rates that far exceed other racial and ethnic groups. Due to historical and current iterations of racism, Black Americans have been forced into conditions that elevate their risk for COVID-19 and consequently place Black children at the epicenter of loss across multiple domains of life. The current paper highlights the impact of the pandemic on Black children at the individual, family, and school levels. Based on an understanding of the influence of structural racism on COVID-19 disparities, policy recommendations are provided that focus on equitable access to quality education, home ownership, and employment to fully address the needs of Black children and families during and after the pandemic. Research, practice, and policy recommendations are made to journal editors, funding agencies, grant review panels, and researchers regarding how research on COVID-19 should be framed to inform intervention efforts aimed at improving the situation of Black children and families.     

“Tolerated One Way but Not the Other”: Levels and Determinants of Social and Political Tolerance in Hong Kong

Social Indicators Research - Tolerance constitutes one of the core elements of a democratic political culture and an indicator of social cohesion. While the concepts of social tolerance and...     

Climate control: creating a multifaceted approach to decreasing aggressive and assaultive behaviors in an inpatient setting

Creating an environment that is safe for everyone is a goal for all inpatient mental health units. How to address the aggressive and assaultive behaviors is the challenge. This article discusses how using a multidisciplinary team with a variety of approaches can help create a culture that supports safety.     

National Osteoporosis Society's Position statement on hormone replacement therapy in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to increase bone density, reduce the risk of fracture and can successfully relieve menopausal symptoms. From a time when HRT was the major therapeutic option for the management of osteoporosis, women and their clinicians now have a range of treatments available. Following the publication of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and the Million Women Study highlighting potential side-effects, such as breast cancer, heart disease and stroke, many doctors and women are now reluctant to use HRT. The National Osteoporosis Society felt that the role of HRT in the management of osteoporosis needed to be clarified. Using the Charity's expert clinical and scientific advisers, and through public consultation with members and key stakeholders, a Position Statement has been published. We conclude that HRT has a role to play in the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women below the age of 60 years. The key recommendations of the Position Statement are presented in this paper.