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21.
The crisis communication preparedness of nonprofit organizations: The case of German interest groups
A national survey of German interest groups showed that these nonprofit organizations are substantially lacking crisis preparations. Less than one third use crisis plans, crisis management teams, or crisis scenarios. In terms of web-based crisis communication, nonprofit organizations primarily relied on traditional forms of online communication for crisis response. Organizational experience with crises, the general status of the public relations function, as well as the crisis communication expertise of practitioners were positively related to the degree of crisis preparedness of these interest groups. 相似文献
22.
Yvonne Meyer Franziska Frank Franziska Schläppy Muntwyler Valerie Fleming Jessica Pehlke-Milde 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(6):e272-e280
Background
Decision-making in midwifery, including a claim for shared decision-making between midwives and women, is of major significance for the health of mother and child. Midwives have little information about how to share decision-making responsibilities with women, especially when complications arise during birth.Aim
To increase understanding of decision-making in complex home-like birth settings by exploring midwives’ and women’s perspectives and to develop a dynamic model integrating participatory processes for making shared decisions.Methods
The study, based on grounded theory methodology, analysed 20 interviews of midwives and 20 women who had experienced complications in home-like births.Findings
The central phenomenon that arose from the data was “defining/redefining decision as a joint commitment to healthy childbirth”. The sub-indicators that make up this phenomenon were safety, responsibility, mutual and personal commitments. These sub-indicators were also identified to influence temporal conditions of decision-making and to apply different strategies for shared decision-making. Women adopted strategies such as delegating a decision, making the midwife’s decision her own, challenging a decision or taking a decision driven by the dynamics of childbirth. Midwives employed strategies such as remaining indecisive, approving a woman’s decision, making an informed decision or taking the necessary decision.Discussion and conclusion
To respond to recommendations for shared responsibility for care, midwives need to strengthen their shared decision-making skills. The visual model of decision-making in childbirth derived from the data provides a framework for transferring clinical reasoning into practice. 相似文献23.
Child Poverty in Vietnam: Providing Insights Using a Country-Specific and Multidimensional Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite a wide under-prioritization, the issue of child poverty has received increasing attention worldwide over the last
decade. The acknowledgement in Vietnam that child-specific poverty measurement is crucial for poverty efforts directed towards
children, and the current lack thereof, instigated the development of a Vietnam child poverty approach. This paper proposes
a country-specific, multidimensional and outcome-based approach for the measurement of the incidence, depth and severity of
child poverty. It does so at the level of the individual child using household survey data. The development of such an approach
at the level of the individual child presents an appropriate alternative for or supplement to the widely used monetary poverty
approach, allowing for the use of compatible analytical methods. Findings suggest that 37% of all children in Vietnam live
in poverty, with the most pressing areas of deprivation being water, sanitation and leisure. We do not find evidence for a
gender bias but do observe a large urban–rural divide, regional disparities and large ethnic inequalities. We argue that this
tailor-made approach is a valuable new tool for policy makers and analysts in Vietnam as it enables identification and analysis
of poor children, their characteristics and most pressing areas of deprivation within the country’s specific social and cultural
context. 相似文献
24.
Dependency of Crop Production between Global Breadbaskets: A Copula Approach for the Assessment of Global and Regional Risk Pools
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Franziska Gaupp Georg Pflug Stefan Hochrainer‐Stigler Jim Hall Simon Dadson 《Risk analysis》2017,37(11):2212-2228
As recent events have shown, simultaneous crop losses in different parts of the world can cause serious risks to global food security. However, to date, little is known about the spatial dependency of lower than expected crop yields from global breadbaskets. This especially applies in the case of extreme events, i.e., where one or more breadbaskets are experiencing far below average yields. Without such information, risk management approaches cannot be applied and vulnerability to extremes may remain high or even increase in the future around the world. We tackle both issues from an empirical perspective focusing on wheat yield. Interdependencies between historically observed wheat yield deviations in five breadbaskets (United States, Argentina, India, China, and Australia) are estimated via copula approaches that can incorporate increasing tail dependencies. In doing so, we are able to attach probabilities to interregional as well as global yield losses. To address the robustness of our results, we apply three different methods for constructing multivariate copulas: vine copulas, ordered coupling using a minimax approach, and hierarchical structuring. We found interdependencies between states within breadbaskets that led us to the conclusion that risk pooling for extremes is less favorable on the regional level. However, notwithstanding evidence of global climatic teleconnections that may influence crop production, we also demonstrate empirically that wheat production losses are independent between global breadbaskets, which strengthens the case for interregional risk pooling strategies. We argue that through interregional risk pooling, postdisaster liabilities of governments and international donors could be decreased. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. Michael Dick Franziska Wasian M.A. 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2011,18(1):49-65
Regarding the requirements and conditions of professional??s work, their particular needs for reflection and continuing education are revealed. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an appropriate approach for this type of reflection. On the background of a rather small body of empirical research, we argue that the method of mutual visitation can fulfil the requirements of CPD. We report a case study about three mutual visitations of dental practitioners in Germany to describe and evaluate their experiences. The data reveal conditions helping to achieve a successful mutual visitation: their embedding in a professional learning program, the right combination of participants, a proper preparation and competencies to give and to take feedback. 相似文献
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Human population health has always been central in the justification for sustainable development but nearly invisible in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations. Current scientific evidence indicates that climate change will contribute to the global burden of disease through increases in diarrhoeal disease, vector-borne disease, and malnutrition, and the health impacts of extreme weather and climate events. A few studies have estimated future potential health impacts of climate change but often generate little policy-relevant information. Robust estimates of future health impacts rely on robust projections of future disease patterns. The application of a standardized and established methodology has been developed to quantify the impact of climate change in relation to different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. All health risk assessments are necessarily biased toward conservative best-estimates of health effects that are easily measured. Global, regional, and national risk assessments can take no account of irreversibility, or plausible low-probability events with potentially very high burdens on human health. There is no "safe limit" of climate change with respect to health impacts as health systems in some regions do not adequately cope with the current climate variability. Current scientific methods cannot identify global threshold health effects in order for policymakers to regulate a "tolerable" amount of climate change. We argue for the need for more research to reduce the potential impacts of climate change on human health, including the development of improved methods for quantitative risk assessment. The large uncertainty about the future effects of climate change on human population health should be a reason to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and not a reason for inaction. 相似文献
29.
Oliver Schnittka Marius Johnen Franziska Völckner Henrik Sattler Isabel Victoria Villeda Kathrin Urban 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2017,87(7):899-925
Brand alliances represent a popular business strategy in many industries, because firms hope to evoke positive consumer evaluations of both the alliance’s product and the partner brands. However, extant research offers mixed findings regarding the effects of a brand alliance on its partner brands (i.e., spillover effects). In response, this study separates spillover effects into the effects of the alliance product on the partner brands (brand alliance effects) and the effects between partner brands (brand contrast effects), while also noting the potential moderating impact of perceived attitude- and product-based fit between partner brands on resulting spillover effects. Two experimental studies consistently reveal the existence of brand contrast effects; furthermore, the partner brand’s attitude-based fit reduces undesired brand contrast effects and positively moderates spillover effects in brand alliances, whereas product-based fit does not. Therefore, a third study identifies relevant drivers of partner brand’s attitude-based fit for different brand alliances (i.e., co-branding, ingredient branding, and joint advertising). The findings have notable implications for the design and management of brand alliances. 相似文献
30.
Valerie Fleming Yvonne Meyer Franziska Frank Susanne van Gogh Laura Schirinzi Bénédicte Michoud Claire de Labrusse 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(6):443-449