The Psychogeriatric Problem

The nature and the origin of the psychogeriatric problem are described as a consequence of interactions of psychological, organic and social forces. The changing social role of the aged, accompanied by downward social mobility, is a feature seen as significant. The resulting difficulties experienced by an increasing proportion of the population are seen as being mainly in the form of dependence which is treated by rejection. No solutions are proposed in this paper.     

REVIEWS

McDaniel, S. H., Hepworth, J., & Doherty, W. J. (1992) Medical family therapy: A biposychosocial apprach to familees with health problems .
Walsh, F.,& McGoldrick, M. (Eds.). (1991). Living beyond loss: Death in the family.
Edelwich, J., & Brodsky, A.(1991). Saexual dilemmas for the helping professional(2nd ed.).
Skynner, R. (Ed.). (1990). Explorations with families: group analysis and family therapy.
Weiner-Davis, M.(1992). Divorce busting: a revolutionary and rapid program for stayin together.
Powell, E.(1991). Talking back to sexual pressure: What to say to resist persuasion, avoid disease, stop harassment, and avoid acquaintance rape.
Albert, G., & Michael, S.(1991). No-fault living.
Emmons, M.L. & Alberti, R.E (1991). Accepting each other: Individuality and intimacy in your loving relationship.
Misflwy, J., & Midgley, S.V. (1990). Partners on a journey: A support structure for the newly married.
Bilofsky, P., & Sacharow, F. (1991). In laws/outlaws: How to make lpeace with his family and yours.
Disabilty in the Family and Disability in the Family Part II: Assessment.     

REVIEWS

PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Williamson, D. S. (1991). The intimacyparadox: Personal authority in the family system. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Freeman, D. S. (1992). Multigenerational family therapy. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Framo, J. (1992). Family-of-origin therapy: An intergenerational approach. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Sherman, R., Oresky, P., & Rountree, Y. (1991). Solvingproblems in couples and family therapy: Techniques and tactics. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Donaldson, R. (Ed.). (1991). Sacred unity: Further steps to an ecology of mind/Gregory Bateson. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: L'Abate, L. (1992). Programmed writing: A self-administered approach for interventions with individuals, couples, and families. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Lewis, K. G. (Ed.), (1991). Family systems application to social work: Training and clinical practice. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Combs, G., & Freedman, J. (1990). Symbol, story, and ceremony: Using metaphor in individual and family therapy. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Vesper. J. H., & Brock, G. W. (1991). Ethics, legalities, andprofessionalpractice issues in marriage and family therapy. PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Peterson, M. R. (1992). At personal risk: Boundary violations in professional-client relationships. GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Imber-Black, E., & Roberts, J. (1992). Rituals for our times: Celebrating, healing, and changing our lives and relationships. GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Peele, S., & Brodsky, A. (1991). The truth aboutaddiction andrecuvery. GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Nitzberg, E. (1991). Hippocrates' handmaidens: Women married tophysicians. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Sellner, J. A., & Sellner, J. G. (1991). Loving for life: Your self-help guide to a successful, intimate relationship. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Buxton, A. (1991). The other side of the closet: The coming-out crisis for straight spouses. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Hunter, M., & “Jem.” (1989). The first step forpeople in relationships with sex addicts: A workbook for recovery. SELF-HELP BOOKS: Greeson, C., Hollingsworth, M., & Washburn, M. (1990). The grief adjustment guide.     

Indicators and models of changes in the American occupational system, 1947–73

This paper extends earlier conceptual and empirical work by Bell, Lebergott, and Moore on changes in the American occupational system in the post-World War II period. After updating and extending several time series of occupational indicators used by these authors and adding some others as well, the authors specify and estimate a number of dynamic structural-equation models to explain changes in the occupational system as indexed by the social indicators. These equations indicate: (1) that Bell's thesis about a shift from a production of goods orientation to a performance of services orientation in post-war American society needs to be qualified; (2) that the shift is due more to increased productivity in argriculture rather than in industry; (3) that increased bureaucratization of employment results, in part, from the shift out of agriculture and other post-war trends in the technological and organizational context of the work environment; and (4) that societal investments in military technology and in scientific research and development have had an important impact upon the occupational system in terms of shifting upwards the distribution of occupations with respect to prestige. In each of the topics analyzed, the authors make suggestions for developing additional indicators and for refining the structural equations. In addition, the potential of these equations for social forecasting is considered.     

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Ordinal Data Using Full‐Information Adaptive Quadrature

We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of responses (N=803) to a self‐reported measure of optimism, using full‐information estimation via adaptive quadrature (AQ), an alternative estimation method for ordinal data. We evaluated AQ results in terms of the number of iterations required to achieve convergence, model fit, parameter estimates, standard errors (SE), and statistical significance, across four link‐functions (logit, probit, log‐log, complimentary log‐log) using 3–10 and 20 quadrature points. We compared AQ results with those obtained using maximum likelihood, robust maximum likelihood, and robust diagonally weighted least‐squares estimation. Compared to the other two link‐functions, logit and probit not only produced fit statistics, parameters estimates, SEs, and levels of significance that varied less across numbers of quadrature points, but also fitted the data better and provided larger completely standardised loadings than did maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least‐squares. Our findings demonstrate the viability of using full‐information AQ to estimate CFA models with real‐world ordinal data.     

Specificity of phonological representations in U.S. English-speaking late talkers and typical talkers

Late talkers are a heterogeneous group of children who experience delayed language development in the absence of other known causes. Late talkers show delays in expressive phonological development, but less is known about their receptive phonological development. In the current study, U.S. monolingual English-speaking typical talkers (TTs) (n = 23, mean age = 26.27 months, 57% male; 78.3% White) and late talkers (n = 22, mean age = 24.57 months, 59% male, 72.7% White) completed a Looking-While-Listening task to assess their sensitivity to mispronunciations. Results revealed that late talkers and TTs looked to the referent of a word for a shorter duration when it was mispronounced than when it was correctly pronounced, suggesting they were sensitive to mispronunciations. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in their sensitivity to mispronunciations.