The use of economic appraisal in transportation analysis

This paper surveys the use of economic appraisal techniques in the field of transportation. After surveying the history of such approaches, a critical assessment is offered of the most recent contributions to the debate, centering on the 1977 Leitch Report. The limited room for manoeuvre in making local assessments is highlighted: national policy considerations are seen as frequently dominating the local choice. While most of the debate on the ‘inadequacies’ of cost-benefit have focussed on ‘intangible’ items, the author argues for a much closer look at the ‘hard’ data on the value of time-savings and accident costs. Some of the Leitch committee's proposals are found wanting in this respect. In the wider context, a plea is made for the use of common criteria for assessing projects throughout the entire transport sector. Only in this way can misallocation of resources be minimised.     

农民组织化的理论依据

提高农民组织化程度是发展市场农业的重要条件,我国由于农民组织化发育程度滞后,所以极大地制约了市场农业的发展,迫切需要研究农民组织化问题。为了有效地研究农民组织化问题,本文探讨了国内外农民组织化普遍存在的客观依据,即分工协作理论、制度变迁理论、厂商竞争理论、合作化理论和规模经济理论。     

Grandparenting in the 21st Century: Issues of Diversity in Grandparent–Grandchild Relationships

Although previous literature has demonstrated the importance of age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in understanding grandparent–grandchild relationships, additional factors contribute to a more complete and nuanced understanding of multigenerational relationships. Thorough understanding of the role of diversity requires examination of the discrete impacts of grandparents' gender, sexual orientation, and physical and/or cognitive limitations on the relationship.This article focuses on these 3 important, yet overlooked, issues of diversity, with a focus on strength-based and empowerment-oriented strategies and their implications for practice, policy, and future research.     

Production/operations management—A key discipline and area for research

This paper reports the results of a stocktaking and review of research in Production/Operations Management, carried out for the Social Science Research Council. The paper describes the scope and importance of the management of production/operations. Areas of importance for future directions for research are explored and a number of issues concerned with research in the area are examined.     

Aging issues: unanswered questions in marital and family therapy literature

Researchers have reviewed couple and family therapy journals to determine the extent to which issues concerning older populations are addressed. In an effort to extend previous work, we conducted content analyses of 957 articles published in three of the leading marital and family therapy journals between 1997 and 2006. From the articles, 27 (2.8%) mentioned aging or included older adults in their sample. Results indicate that the number of articles emphasizing older adults has not substantially increased. While this result has been substantiated by other researchers in previous years, a new finding in this study concerns the quality of articles on aging issues. The articles reviewed in this study indicated a greater focus on aging issues and addressing issues during this life cycle stage.     

邓小平指导新时期反腐败斗争特色初探

邓小平在领导改革开放和现代化建设的进程中,十分重视反腐败斗争.他深刻总结建国以来我们党开展反腐败斗争的经验教训,结合新时期的新特点,提出了开展反腐败斗争的基本战略、有效途径和方式,形成了指导反腐败斗争的鲜明特色.