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71.
英语学习的困难之处,在于从汉语思维到英语思维的转化.依据索绪尔的语言学理论,语言是一个符号系统,构成语言符号的能指与所指在每一种语言中都是不同的.能指的不同是明显的,而所指的不同则往往不为人们所理解,所指在不同语言之间的差异正是外语学习中的难点.英语学习的过程,就是从汉语思维到英语思维的转化过程,也就是学会用英语能指与所指所构成的语言符号进行思维的过程. 相似文献
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A common objective of cohort studies and clinical trials is to assess time-varying longitudinal continuous biomarkers as correlates of the instantaneous hazard of a study endpoint. We consider the setting where the biomarkers are measured in a designed sub-sample (i.e., case-cohort or two-phase sampling design), as is normative for prevention trials. We address this problem via joint models, with underlying biomarker trajectories characterized by a random effects model and their relationship with instantaneous risk characterized by a Cox model. For estimation and inference we extend the conditional score method of Tsiatis and Davidian (Biometrika 88(2):447–458, 2001) to accommodate the two-phase biomarker sampling design using augmented inverse probability weighting with nonparametric kernel regression. We present theoretical properties of the proposed estimators and finite-sample properties derived through simulations, and illustrate the methods with application to the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 175 antiretroviral therapy trial. We discuss how the methods are useful for evaluating a Prentice surrogate endpoint, mediation, and for generating hypotheses about biological mechanisms of treatment efficacy. 相似文献
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R2 是最近十几年迅速发展的一个研究课题,其研究取向从纯粹的计量经济学符号演变为股价同步性特征变量,并与公司特质信息含量联系起来,赋予了全新的内涵. 学者们通过跨学科的交叉与融合,从法与金融理论、委托代理理论、信息不对称理论、公司治理理论等视角对R2 背后的生成机制、作用渠道和影响后果展开富有成效的研究. 本文首先梳理从资产定价模型到 R2 ,再从 R2 到股价同步性中间的学理关系和因果顺承,接着回顾了关于 R2 形成机理与经济后果的相关讨论,然后对R2 的学术争论进行总结和评述,最后就R2 的溯源问题、以及文化与政治潜在影响对未来 R2 研究提出展望. 相似文献
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Ruyan Fu Ji Tian Shisheng Li Jinjiang Yuan 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2017,34(4):1187-1197
We consider the online (over time) scheduling on a single unbounded parallel-batch machine with job processing time compatibilities to minimize makespan. In the problem, a constant \(\alpha >0\) is given in advance. Each job \(J_{j}\) has a normal processing time \(p_j\). Two jobs \(J_i\) and \(J_j\) are compatible if \(\max \{p_i, p_j\} \le (1+\alpha )\cdot \min \{p_i, p_j\}\). In the problem, mutually compatible jobs can form a batch being processed on the machine. The processing time of a batch is equal to the maximum normal processing time of the jobs in this batch. For this problem, we provide an optimal online algorithm with a competitive ratio of \(1+\beta _\alpha \), where \(\beta _\alpha \) is the positive root of the equation \((1+\alpha )x^{2}+\alpha x=1+\alpha \). 相似文献
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This study examined the association of financial access and alternative financial services (AFS) using a nationally representative sample from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study (N = 25,509). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between financial access and AFS usage. Ordinary least squares regression was used to estimate the relationship between banked status and the overall AFS usage as a latent variable while controlling for sociodemographic variables, financial education, financial knowledge, and home ownership. Results suggested that being unbanked was positively associated with AFS usage after controlling for other covariates. Financial education and knowledge, age, gender, marital status, education, household income, and homeownership were significantly associated with AFS usage. These findings have implications for public policy and programs that work with the unbanked. 相似文献
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客观存在的同性恋群体长期以来属于人类学研究的禁区,其承受的污名和歧视使触碰这一领域的学者规模和作品数量相对稀少,这种情况在中国人类学界尤为明显。从学科认识论来看,同性恋研究经历了"性逆转"、"性倒错"的医学范式;异性恋框架主导的文化影响模式;建构学派的历史、政治、经济视角批判;以及酷儿理论的全盘颠覆和开放式探索。 相似文献