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891.
对我国边疆少数民族进行国家认同建设,从而保持国家认同在认同序列上的优先地位,具有十分重要的意义.但是,对我国边疆少数民族进行国家认同建设面临着诸如经济发展水平滞后、基础教育薄弱、现代化冲击、民族政策负面效应、境外势力渗透等重重挑战,急需从培育普适性公民文化、转变边疆治理思路、调整民族政策取向、拓展利益表达渠道、强化国族认同等方面强化边疆少数民族的国家认同. 相似文献
892.
We find that Union Army veterans of the American Civil War who faced greater wartime stress (as measured by higher battlefield
mortality rates) experienced higher mortality rates at older ages, but that men who were from more cohesive companies were
statistically significantly less likely to be affected by wartime stress. Our results hold for overall mortality, mortality
from ischemic heart disease and stroke, and new diagnoses of arteriosclerosis. Our findings represent one of the first long-run
health follow-ups of the interaction between stress and social networks in a human population in which both stress and social
networks are arguably exogenous. 相似文献
893.
Many important questions and theories in demography focus on changes over time, and on how those changes differ over geographic
and social space. Space-time analysis has always been important in studying fertility transitions, for example. However, demographers
have seldom used formal statistical methods to describe and analyze time series of maps. One formal method, used widely in
epidemiology, criminology, and public health, is Knox’s space-time interaction test. In this article, we discuss the potential
of the Knox test in demographic research and note some possible pitfalls. We demonstrate how to use familiar proportional
hazards models to adapt the Knox test for demographic applications. These adaptations allow for nonrepeatable events and for
the incorporation of structural variables that change in space and time. We apply the modified test to data on the onset of
fertility decline in Brazil over 1960–2000 and show how the modified method can produce maps indicating where and when diffusion
effects seem strongest, net of covariate effects. 相似文献
894.
This research examines land use change in Israel––an intriguing but understudied setting with regard to population–environment
dynamics. While Israel is fairly unique with regard to its combined high levels of economic prosperity and high population growth, this case study has relevance for developed countries and regions (like the south and southwest regions
of the USA) which must balance population growth and urban development with open space conservation for ecosystem services
and biological diversity. The population–land development relationship is investigated during the period from 1961 to 1995
at three spatial scales: national, regional (six districts), and local (40 localities). There is a positive correlation between
population growth and land development rates at the national scale, and while remaining positive, the strength of the relationship
varies greatly at regional and local scales. The variation in population–land use dynamics across scales is used to garner
insight as to the importance of geography, policy and historical settlement patterns. 相似文献
895.
This article uses dyadic latent panel analysis (DLPA) to examine environmental influences on well-being. DLPA requires longitudinal
dyadic data. It decomposes the observed variance of both members of a dyad into a trait, state, and an error component. Furthermore,
state variance is decomposed into initial and new state variance. Total observed similarity between members of a dyad is decomposed
into trait similarity, initial state similarity, new state similarity, and error similarity. Dyadic similarity in new state
variance reveals that both members of a dyad change in the same direction, which is a strong indication of environmental effects.
DLPA is used to examine environmental influences on life satisfaction and domain satisfaction based on 22 annual assessments
of married couples in the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (N’s = 607–740). The results show high similarity in new state variance for life satisfaction and objectively identical domains
(household income, housing), and less similarity for objectively less similar domains (recreation, health). This finding provides
strong evidence for environmental influences on well-being. In addition, the results show high trait similarity. The implications
of the latter finding for interpretation of behavioral genetics studies of well-being are discussed. 相似文献
896.
This paper presents a two-equation model of joint outcomes on an individual’s decision to binge drink and on his/her annual
labor market earnings. The primary data source is the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), 1979–1994.
We show that binge drinking behavior is quite alcohol-price responsive and is a rational addiction. A new result is that an
individual’s decision to binge drink has a statistically significant negative effect on his/her earnings. Furthermore, we
conducted simulations of the short-run and long-run impacts of increasing the alcohol price. They showed that the tendency
for an individual to binge drink heavily is reduced significantly, and the reduction is greater in the long-run than short-run
simulation. Also, an individual's annual earnings were increased. However, in the structural model, an individual’s earnings
have no significant effect on his/her tendency to engage in binge drinking. Our results contradict earlier findings from cross-section
evidence that showed increased alcohol consumption raised an individual’s earnings or wages. 相似文献
897.
In this article, we investigated the effects of marriage and spousal characteristics on the use of preventive care. We accounted for the endogeneity of marriage by combining propensity score estimation techniques with marriage transitions observed in longitudinal data. Results indicated that marriage increases the probability of dental check-ups and physical examinations for both sexes and mammograms and Pap smears for women. Next, we examined whether spousal characteristics affect the use of preventive care. Spousal education, income, health conditions, and preferences for risk and health care all affected use of preventive care in expected directions. Taken together, we conclude that marriage increases the use of preventive care; however, the net marital effect masks a heterogeneity that results from the characteristics of the spouse an individual marries. 相似文献
898.
Eyamba G. Bokamba 《Journal of Sociolinguistics》2014,18(3):408-414
899.
The effects of maternal responsiveness on infant responsiveness and behavior in the Still‐Face Task were longitudinally examined through infants' first 3 months. Maternal vocal responsiveness and infant vocal and smiling responsiveness significantly increased when infants were 2 months of age. Mothers showed continuity of individual differences in vocal responsiveness from the infants' newborn period. Maternal responsiveness predicted infant responsiveness within and across sessions. Compared with infants with low‐responsive mothers, infants with high‐responsive mothers were more attentive and affectively engaged during the Still‐Face Task from 1 month of age. Infants with high‐responsive mothers discriminated between the task phases with their smiling at 1 month, a month before infants with low‐responsive mothers did so. Infants in both groups discriminated between the phases with their attention and nondistress vocalizations throughout their first 3 months. Results suggest that maternal responsiveness influences infant responsiveness and facilitates infants' engagement and expectations for social interaction. 相似文献
900.
Gary S. DeFraia George O. Lamb Stacie E. Resnick Toni D. McClure 《Social Work in Mental Health》2014,12(5-6):523-543
Multiple deployments, a prominent characteristic of operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn, have been linked to increased risk for various mental health conditions. It is also well known that military transitions, such as a change of duty station or discharge, are an inevitable part of military life. While military transitions can be stressful for any service member or veteran, those with mental health conditions face additional challenges. Transition stress can exacerbate a mental health condition that in turn hinders ability to manage the transition, resulting in a cycle of stress. As a result, those receiving mental health care while transitioning often experience difficulty continuing treatment post-transition. This article describes a unique and innovative transition coaching program designed to address this emerging issue. 相似文献