环境不确定性、组织冗余与原始性创新的关系研究

本文探讨了环境不确定的两个维度(技术不确定性和市场不确定性)对企业原始性创新的直接影响,以及运用权变的方法研究了组织冗余对以上两种关系的调节作用。通过对404家中国企业的实证研究发现,环境不确定性的两个维度对企业原始性创新的影响不尽相同,其中技术不确定性与企业原始性创新正相关,市场不确定性与企业原始性创新负相关;此外,随着已吸收冗余的增多,市场不确定性与原始性创新的负向关系增强;随着未吸收冗余的增多,技术不确定性与企业原始性创新的正向关系增强,市场不确定性与企业原始性创新的负向关系增强。研究结论发展了现有的创新文献,具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

Information Acquisition and Voluntary Disclosure in an Export‐Processing System

We study a strategic information management problem in the export‐processing trade, where the buyer controls the raw material input and sales and the producer is responsible for production. The production is vulnerable to random yield risk. The producer can exert a costly effort to acquire the private yield rate information and discretionarily share it with the buyer. We develop a sequential Bayesian game model that captures three key features of the system—endogenous information endowment, voluntary disclosure, and ex post information sharing—a significant departure from the literature. The optimal disclosure strategy is driven by the trade‐off between the gains from Pareto efficiency improvement and self‐interested overproduction. It is specified by two thresholds on yield rate: only the middle‐yield producers (with yield rate between these two thresholds) share private information to improve supply‐demand match; the low‐ and high‐yield producers withhold information to extract excess input from the buyer. The buyer in response penalizes nondisclosure with reduced input and rewards information sharing with a larger order. This strategic interaction is further exacerbated by the double marginalization effect from decentralization, resulting in severe efficiency loss. We examine the effectiveness of three corrective mechanisms—vertical integration, mandatory disclosure, and production restriction—and reveal the costs of information suppressive effect and overinvestment incentive and the benefit from concessions on the processing fee. Our study endogenizes the asymmetric supply risk and provides the first attempt to rationalize the strategic interactions of informational and operational incentives in the export‐processing system.     

Optimal Inventory Control with Retail Pre‐Packs

A pre‐pack is a collection of items used in retail distribution. By grouping multiple units of one or more stock keeping units (SKU), distribution and handling costs can be reduced; however, ordering flexibility at the retail outlet is limited. This paper studies an inventory system at a retail level where both pre‐packs and individual items (at additional handling cost) can be ordered. For a single‐SKU, single‐period problem, we show that the optimal policy is to order into a “band” with as few individual units as possible. For the multi‐period problem with modular demand, the band policy is still optimal, and the steady‐state distribution of the target inventory position possesses a semi‐uniform structure, which greatly facilitates the computation of optimal policies and approximations under general demand. For the multi‐SKU case, the optimal policy has a generalized band structure. Our numerical results show that pre‐pack use is beneficial when facing stable and complementary demands, and substantial handling savings at the distribution center. The cost premium of using simple policies, such as strict base‐stock and batch‐ordering (pre‐packs only), can be substantial for medium parameter ranges.     

基于顾客满意和顾客忠诚关系的市场细分方法研究

在顾客满意与顾客忠诚的相关关系方面,目前国内外许多学者都有不同的研究和看法。本研究认为,对于不同的顾客群体,顾客满意对顾客忠诚具有不同的影响,从而也为企业带来不一样的价值和利润。本研究尝试采用一种新的聚类回归方法,根据顾客满意和顾客忠诚的关系细分顾客群体,并以手机行业为例进行实证分析,探寻哪些顾客群体的满意度对忠诚度影响较高,哪些顾客群体其忠诚与否基本不受满意度的影响。     

战略联盟的不完全性分析

环境的不确定性使得当前战略联盟条件变得很复杂,而不完全合同理论为分析战略联盟提供了新的视角.本文在Hart的企业边界模型中加入机会主义行为因素,构建出联盟边界模型;通过博弈分析方法,进一步探讨了多种情况下机会主义行为对联盟边界变化(即联盟不完全性)的影响.     

企业能力、竞争强度与对外直接投资动机——基于重庆摩托车企业的多案例研究

本文运用多案例研究方法,选取四家重庆摩托车企业的八次对外直接投资案例,对企业能力、竞争强度如何影响企业对外直接投资动机的形成进行了探讨.研究发现,我国摩托车企业的对外直接投资动机主要表现为寻求海外市场.当企业不具备技术相关能力和市场相关能力的相对优势,面临竞争者增多、价格竞争增强的情况时,企业容易产生防御型市场寻求的对外直接投资动机,并且如果主要竞争者已在目标市场投资,更容易促发企业形成这类动机.当企业具备技术相关能力和市场相关能力的相对优势,同时又面临竞争者增多、价格竞争增强的情况时,企业容易产生进攻型市场寻求的对外直接投资动机,并且如果主要竞争者尚未在目标市场投资,更容易促发企业形成这类动机.     

基于理性提前偿付的住房抵押贷款证券定价研究

在分析MBS定价的影响因素以及比较结构化模型与简化形式模型定价方法的基础上,考虑模型的稳健性和可操作性,本文利用简化方法中的Schwartz和Torous定价模型,以建元2007-1RMBS作为研究对象,模拟出BDT利率模型下的利率期限结构,再结合提前还款模型中的PSA法确定贷款现金流,进而确定期权调整价差OAS,构建了适用于我国的MBS定价模型。     

Knowledge and Identity: A Review

This paper reviews the literature in a number of areas that converge upon the theme of the role of knowledge within professional identity. Within knowledge transfer literature the individual perspective is underdeveloped, and this paper seeks to contribute by exploring the function of knowledge within an individual's professional identity, thus unfolding a theoretical connection between the literatures of knowledge and identity. Its central argument concurs with Szulanski's notion of ‘internal stickiness’ as a barrier to knowledge transfer but extends this hypothesis into the psychological ownership of knowledge and to the idea of ‘possessiveness’. The paper argues that the value of self‐categorized knowledge places the latter within the individual's cognitive structure of their identity. It offers up the idea of valued knowledge to the knowledge transfer domain and suggests that feelings of possessiveness towards knowledge may intervene in the willingness of an individual to disclose knowledge in a knowledge transfer process.     

销售时信息披露的公平原则与互利原则

本文通过对销售商向消费者披露产品的信息的责任和义务的分析,比较了信息披露道德的公平原则和互利原则.指出了信息披露的伦理要求,应根据各种具体问题的不同适当地在公平原则和互利原则之间定位.     

面向我国国立研究机构的人力资源配置模型研究

当今世界,科学技术作为第一生产力的作用日益突出,科学技术作为人类文明进步的基石和原动力的作用日益凸显,而国立研究机构作为中国科研体系的国家队和中坚力量,它的地位和规模在整个科研体系中是举足轻重的,因此合理配置国立研究机构的人力资源具有重大的理论和现实意义。目前的人力资源配置研究多针对企业,而中国的国立研究机构有其自身的特点,不能套用企业的人力资源配置方法。中国科学院作为国家在科学技术方面的最高学术机构,作为科技事业的国家队和火车头,具有代表性,因此本文以中国科学院为例,利用问卷调查、专家访谈、文献调研等方法,对影响我国国立研究机构人力资源配置的因素进行研究,并将人力资源的配置看作一个决策问题,综合考虑了发展战略、人均经费当量、人员结构、学科建设等多个约束,采用自上而下和自下而上相结合的方法,建立了面向国立研究机构的人力资源配置模型。该模型克服了以往国立研究机构对子机构人员数量通过简单趋势外推等方法进行预测的做法,集成了历史数据和专家经验,既不脱离历史情况又能够反映机构的发展战略,是一种适合国立研究机构的人力资源配置方法。该方法在中国科学院的应用实践,验证了模型的有效性。