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221.
Much recent research on sexual minorities has used couples-based samples, which--by construction--provide no information on nonpartnered individuals. We present the first systematic empirical analysis of partnership and cohabitation among self-identified gay men and lesbians using two independent, large, population-wwbased data sources from California. These data indicate that 37%-46% of gay men and 51%-62% of lesbians aged 18-59 are in cohabiting partnerships (compared with 62% of heterosexual individuals in coresidential unions at comparable ages). Unlike previous research, we find that white and highly educated gay men and lesbians are more likely to be partnered, and we confirm that same-sex cohabiting partners in our data have demographic characteristics that are similar to California same-sex couples from Census 2000. We also present the first detailed analysis of officially registered domestic partnerships in California. We find that almost half of partnered lesbians are officially registered with the local or state government, while less than a quarter of partnered gay men are officially registered. We conclude with implications of our findings for couples-based research on gay men and lesbians, as well as recommendations for survey data collection. 相似文献
222.
Thirty empirically assessed utility functions on changes in wealth or return on investment were examined for general features and susceptability to fits by linear, power, and exponential functions. Separate fits were made to below-target data and above-target data. The usual “target” was the no-change point. The majority of below-target functions were risk seeking; the majority of above-target functions were risk averse; and the most common composite shape was convex-concave, or risk seeking in losses and risk averse in gains. The least common composite was concave-concave. Below-target utility was generally steeper than above-target utility with a median below-to-above slope ratio of about 4.8. The power and exponential fits were substantially better than the linear fits. Power functions gave the best fits in the majority of convex below-target and concave above-target cases, and exponential functions gave the best fits in the majority of concave below-target and convex above-target cases. Several implications of these results for decision making under risk are mentioned. 相似文献
223.
After a brief review of the role of dummy variables in regression analysis and the current state-of-the art in rounding/truncation error detection in computerized least squares programs, this paper presents a theorem that can be used to detect this type of error whenever an analyst is running a regression program that has one (or more) dummy variables as independent variables. 相似文献
224.
A better understanding of the uncertainty that exists in models used for seismic risk assessment is critical to improving risk-based decisions pertaining to earthquake safety. Current models estimating the probability of collapse of a building do not consider comprehensively the nature and impact of uncertainty. This article presents a model framework to enhance seismic risk assessment and thus gives decisionmakers a fuller understanding of the nature and limitations of the estimates. This can help ensure that risks are not over- or underestimated and the value of acquiring accurate data is appreciated fully. The methodology presented provides a novel treatment of uncertainties in input variables, their propagation through the model, and their effect on the results. The study presents ranges of possible annual collapse probabilities for different case studies on buildings in different parts of the world, exposed to different levels of seismicity, and with different vulnerabilities. A global sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the significance of uncertain variables. Two key outcomes are (1) that the uncertainty in ground-motion conversion equations has the largest effect on the uncertainty in the calculation of annual collapse probability; and (2) the vulnerability of a building appears to have an effect on the range of annual collapse probabilities produced, i.e., the level of uncertainty in the estimate of annual collapse probability, with less vulnerable buildings having a smaller uncertainty. 相似文献
225.
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227.
James P. Sampson Gary W. Peterson Janet G. Lenz Robert C. Reardon 《The Career development quarterly》1992,41(1):67-74
This article provides counselors with concept-based materials that clients can use to understand and structure the career problem-solving and decision-making process. Clients can use this knowledge to solve immediate career problems, transfer the knowledge to future career problems, or generalize the knowledge to other types of personal, social, and family problems. 相似文献
228.
This paper examines the net effect of unions on productivity in the commercial banking industry. The focus of the study is
on three methodological issues. First, an attempt is made to determine whether individual unions have a differential impact
on banking productivity. The influence of unions on output per man-hour was initially estimated by including a union dummy
variable in a Cobb-Douglas formulation of bank production. Separate binary variables were then entered into alternative specifications
of the model to test the heterogeneity hypothesis. This hypothesis postulates differential productivity effects among the
individual unions operating in the commercial banking sector. Second, the sample banks were paired on a case-by-case basis
to assure the homogeneity of the two groupings: i.e., union and nonunion. Sample homogeneity is necessary because of the assumptions
of identical production functions and output prices between the groups. Third, a complete covariance model was specified in
order to estimate the impact of unionization on each parameter of the production function. In general, the unionized banks
were less productive than their nonunion peers. It should be noted, however, that the standard errors were large in all the
specifications. Moreover, the labor relations problems associated with one union had a large impact on the sector results. 相似文献
229.
Gary D. Jaworski 《Sociological inquiry》1996,66(2):160-174
Erving Goffman's writings on etiquette and front are read in the context of a tradition of Chicago school studies on such topics. Robert E. Park formed this tradition from two strains of thought: one based on the writings of Herbert Spencer, and the other on that of Georg Simmel. A review of writings by Park, and by his students Bertram W. Doyle and Everett C. Hughes, provides a basis for analyzing Goffman's original contributions to the tradition, a synthesis of the two strains. Goffman both advanced the line of study and shared in its biases. These limitations must be overcome if future research in the tradition is to proceed. 相似文献
230.
Gary Alan Fine 《The American Sociologist》1990,21(1):76-79
The question of preserving anonymity in data presentation is more complicated than has usually been assumed. While the standard
rule has been to disguise the names and identity of one’s research subjects in order to protect them from potential blame
by associates and strangers, such a strategy also prevents them from receiving credit. Circumstances may exist in which the
disguise of research subjects is undesirable, particularly with their informed consent.
His special areas of interest are leisure behavior, qualitative methods and the sociology of art and culture. 相似文献