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101.
Gary Alan Fine 《The Sociological quarterly》1994,35(3):457-472
Social scientists have begun to appreciate the importance of style in academic discourse. Style and its evaluation, I argue, are not givens, but are created and negotiated by a body of readers, judging a text. To explain the process by which style comes to be known, I choose the case of Thorstein Veblen's The Theory of the Leisure Class , published in 1899. I demonstrate that style was always important in the interpretation of his work, and that this "classic" can be read as literature, scholarly discourse, humor, or poor writing—or a combination thereof. A consensus on the qualities of Veblen's style has never emerged. Focusing on claims emphasizing Veblen's irony, I suggest that an ironic interpretation is particularly likely when an author analyzes those with superior status.
Veblen, a grayfaced shambling man lolling resentful at his desk with his cheek on his hand, in a low sarcastic mumble of intricate phrases subtly paying out the logical inescapable rope of matter-of-fact for a society to hand itself by, dissecting out the century with a scalpel so keen, so comical, so exact that the professors and students nineteenths of the time didn't know it was there, and the magnates and the respected windbags and the applauded loudspeakers never knew it was there.—John Dos Passos, "The Bitter Drink" The Big Money (1946, pp. 106–107) 相似文献
102.
Textbook analysis tells us that in a competitive labor market, the introduction of a minimum wage above the competitive equilibrium
wage will cause unemployment. This paper makes three contributions to the basic theory of the minimum wage. First, we analyze
the effects of a higher minimum wage in terms of poverty rather than in terms of unemployment. Second, we extend the standard
textbook model to allow for income-sharing between employed and unemployed persons in society. Third, we extend the basic
model to deal with income sharing within families. We find that there are situations in which a higher minimum wage raises poverty, others where it reduces poverty, and yet others in which poverty is unchanged. We characterize precisely how the poverty effect depends on four parameters: the degree of poverty aversion, the elasticity
of labor demand, the ratio of the minimum wage to the poverty line, and the extent of income-sharing. Thus, shifting the perspective
from unemployment to poverty leads to a considerable enrichment of the theory of the minimum wage.
相似文献
103.
Keith D. Gremban Gary L. Miller Shang-Hua Teng 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》1997,1(1):79-104
Graphs that arise from the finite element or finite difference methods often include geometric information such as the coordinates of the nodes of the graph. The geometric separator algorithm of Miller, Teng, Thurston, and Vavasis uses some of the available geometric information to find small node separators of graphs. The algorithm utilizes a random sampling technique based on the uniform distribution to find a good separator. We show that sampling from an elliptic distribution based on the inertia matrix of the graph can significantly improve the quality of the separator. More generally, given a cost function f on the unit d-sphere Ud, we can define an elliptic distribution based on the second moments of f. The expectation of f with respect to the elliptic distribution is less than or equal to the expectation with respect to the uniform distribution, with equality only in degenerate cases. We also demonstrate experimentally that the benefit gained by the use of the additional geometric information is significant. Some previous algorithms have used the moments of inertia heuristically, and suffer from extremely poor worst case performance. This is the first result, to our knowledge, that incorporates the moments of inertia into a provably good strategy. 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
Beyond Hammurabi: A Public Service Definition of Ethics Failure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
107.
We provide a brief overview of the American Sociological Association’s Ph.D. Certification Program and question the need for,
and justification of, certifying sociologists. Essentially, the ASA certification mechanism, as implemented, is nonsociological,
emphasizing presumed defects in the individual to the neglect of wider, systemic forces impinging on our discipline. If certification
of sociologists is warranted, a view difficult to support given the small number of applicants for certification since 1986,
we suggest departmental accreditation—a more sociological approach that emphasizes the value of the discipline, in and of
itself.
His research interests include political sociology, stratification and contemporary issues affecting the discipline.
His research foci include rural and agricultural issues and the sociological employment market and profession. 相似文献
108.
109.
Graduate training in sociology involves more than meeting organizationally imposed demands such as satisfying departmental
requirements, taking exams, and completing a dissertation. More central is the development of identity through institutional
and interactional forces. We examine the experience of graduate students as tied to the social psychological processes associated
with professional training. We consider the faculty-student relationship, identifying how student identities as future sociologists
are negotiated and constructed within a reputation market linked to status politics. Through this process, graduate students
construct frames of interpretation that make sense of a status system in which criteria for evaluation are often variable,
uncertain, or undisclosed. To recognize how graduate students fit into their occupational routines, we build upon three core
disciplinary constructs: identity, reputation, and group culture. This perspective permits graduate education to be grounded
in sociological understandings, underlining the role of a sociological imagination. We propose strategies that sociology departments
might follow to facilitate the professional socialization of graduate students, emphasizing the establishment of group culture
and presentational norms. In the absence of these changes, we offer advice to graduate students on navigating their current
programs. 相似文献
110.
Gary Alan Fine 《Symbolic Interaction》2007,30(1):27-39
Whether two events “belong together,” cognitively and in terms of collective memory, requires that we develop classification strategies. Historical equivalence refers to the perception that two events, separate in space and time, belong to the same cognitive category, or speak to the same issues. They are “good to think together.” Rejecting a radical constructionism that suggests that everything is a matter of ontological preference, I argue, following Gubrium (1993) , that interactionists should prefer a cautious naturalism. While interests and resources affect the presentation of historical claims, an obdurate reality permits the evaluation of empirical claims of comparability. To determine historical equivalence, we need to examine events in light of their magnitude, metaphorical continuity, analogous causation, and comparative effects. To examine the construction of historical equivalence, I discuss the similarities and differences between the Red Scares of 1919 and the late 1940s and the Brown Scare of the early 1940s. What you choose as an historical analogy begins and ends the conversation. —Elazar Barkan, “On Accepting Historical Responsibility: Refugees and the Right of Return” (2004) 相似文献