广州软件产业社会网络与竞争关系复杂网络的分析与比较

通过对广州软件产业的问卷调查,建立了61个公司的CEO自我中心社会网络、2个公司的衍生网络以及578个公司的基于产品的竞争关系网络模型,并分别采用社会网络分析方法、复杂网络分析方法对上述模型进行了分析与比较。发现了广州软件产业CEO自我中心社会网络具有较强的封闭性,竞争关系复杂网络具有幂律分布、小世界性等特点,以及该产业的公司衍生网络与竞争关系复杂网络之间的内在联系。     

Maintaining your immune system--one method for enhanced longevity

The immune system is an important evolutionary invention to battle invaders in young and old organisms. Successful aging in humans who achieve nonagenarian status and beyond depends on how the immune system changes over time. Whether certain immune parameters vary with increased age is influenced by the genotype and lifestyle of the individual.     

Working environmental conditions as experienced by women working despite pain

OBJECTIVE: This study looked at female hospital cleaners and home help personnel who continued working despite problems or pain in their musculoskeletal system and where there was a risk of increase in sickness absence. The aim was to determine whether supportive intervention for these personnel at the workplace had an effect on the way that they experienced the physical and psychosocial aspects of their working environments. METHODS: The design was prospective with non-rando-mised intervention and reference groups. A selection of 55 questions about physical and psychosocial working environment from a national survey were used. Comparisons were made between intervention and reference groups and with data on a selection of the Swedish population of people in these professions. RESULTS: The results showed that in the hospital cleaners' intervention group the introduction of new cleaning materials and new cleaning methods seemed to contribute to a reduction in workload during the intervention period, which in turn gave them a better chance of taking rest breaks during working time. In the home helps' intervention group the results showed that the group had had a reduction both in workload and in more responsible tasks, and at the same time the psychosomatic stress reactions reduced after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that effects on the working environmental conditions as experienced could be obtained by a general multi-component support program at the workplace, but the number of variables influenced by the program was very small. The relatively limited effects may be explained by the fact that the impact of a support program depends on how well the remedial measures fulfil the need for such measures either at the workplace, in a work group or among the individual people at the workplace. This emphasises the importance of designing effective analysis tools for judging what remedial measures are needed before the measures themselves are tried out.