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201.
Distrust of social institutions is becoming an important component of risk communication and policy analysis. To assess the impact of social distrust on decision making, we examine the role of distrust of information sources on the willingness to accept a hazardous waste disposal facility in one's neighborhood. Using a prospective-reference utility model, distrust of information sources is analyzed a possible influence on individual choice in a risk-benefit tradeoff. Using contingent valuation survey data on the siting of a hazardous waste disposal facility, we find that respondents are particularly distrustful of both governmental officials and waste disposal businesses. We find that social distrust increases the perceived risk of a facility and influences the likelihood of accepting a referendum to site a hazardous waste disposal facility. The level of compensation offered in the contingent valuation scenario also is found to influence a respondent's risk perception. 相似文献
202.
203.
Webb Miller 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(3):243-255
Numerical stability is but one of many desirable properties which should be considered when designing statistical software. However, rigorous roundoff analysis is rarely done because it seems not worth the price; the influence of rounding error is usually of secondary importance, and the analysis is thought to be beyond the reach of all but a few specialists. This note discusses the role of roundoff analysis in the design of a statistical program and shows that new techniques sometimes make assessment of the effect of rounding errors no more difficult than the verification of other program properties. 相似文献
204.
George Tzavelas 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1999,41(4):431-438
This paper characterizes the family of Normal distributions within the class of exponential families of distributions, via the structure of the bias of the maximum likelihood estimator Θ n of the canonical parameter Θ . More specifically, when E θ ( Θ n ) – Θ = (1/ n ) Q ( Θ ) + o (1/ n ), the equality Q ( Θ ) = 0 proves to be a property of the Normal distribution only. The same conclusion is obtained for the one-dimensional case bt assuming that Q ( Θ ) is a polynomial of Θ . 相似文献
205.
206.
Wayne C. Miller 《The Journal of social issues》1999,55(2):207-219
Health care professionals most often approach health promotion for large persons in the context that health improvement can be attained only through weight loss. Unequivocal acceptance of the notion that thinness equals health and fitness has been the only health intervention strategy available for many large men and women. The apparent ineffectiveness of traditional diet and exercise programming to reduce body weight has caused many health care providers, obesity researchers, and lay persons to challenge the further use of diet and exercise for the sole purpose of reducing body weight in the large person. A brief survey of the most popular dieting techniques used over the past 40 years shows that most techniques cycle in and out of popularity, and that many of these techniques are hazardous to health. Data from the scientific community indicate that diet and exercise programs for weight loss are ineffective in producing reduced weight maintenance after a period of 3 to 5 years. On the other hand, there are data indicating that overweight men and women can become healthy without losing significant amounts of weight. Furthermore, epidemiological studies indicate that fitness, not fatness, is related to disease and mortality. Any intervention strategy for the obese should be one that promotes the development of a healthy lifestyle. The outcome parameters used to evaluate the success of such an intervention should be specific to disease risk and symptomatologies and not limited to medically ambiguous variables like body weight or body composition. 相似文献
207.
208.
This article provides a comparative analysis of the evolution of ethnic parties in the three most important ethnically divided
societies in post-communist Europe (not including the former Yugoslav republics): Bulgaria, Romania and Slovakia. The starting
point of the analysis is the fall of communism, when ethnicity re-emerged as a salient issue in each of these three states
and a potential source of conflict. In these contexts, the ethnic parties formed by each of the most important minorities
in these states became crucial actors of transition, but also highly relevant at the level of highly volatile party systems.
In contrast with the wide majority of the literature, which focuses on single case studies, this exploratory study allowed
for a comparative multi-dimensional account of the development and evolution of several ethnic parties, paying attention to
the national contexts. Rather than reaching major conclusions that can be generalized for ethnic parties in general, this
article provides a good base for further comparative studies on ethnic parties as crucial actors in divided societies. 相似文献
209.
Colin Sumner has declared that the sociology of deviance as a research specialty was “dead? by 1975; later influential studies on norm-violating behavior appeared only in the specific area of criminology. We subjected this argument to empirical test through an analysis of the most-cited scholars and works in 263 textbooks, articles, and research notes appearing in the sociology of deviance from 1993 to 1999. We found some support for Sumner's claims: The majority of the most-cited scholars in devi-ance today conduct research in other areas, primarily in criminology. Furthermore, among the 31 most-cited works in our analysis, only two of 15 studies classified in the sociology of deviance appeared after 1975. We conclude with some thoughts about the factors that contribute to the rise and fall of research specializations in sociology. 相似文献
210.