Abstracts

Freedman, B. J. & Rice, D. G. Marital therapy in prison: One-partner "couple therapy."
Gutheil, T. G. & Avery, N. C. Multiple overt incest as family defense against loss.
Hanks, S. E. & Rosenbaum, C. P. Battered women: A study of women who live with violent alcohol-abusing men.
Hooper, D., Roberts, F. J., Hinchliffe, M. K., & Vaughan, P. W. The melancholy marriage: An inquiry into the interaction of depression, I. Introduction.
Hinchliffe, M. K., Vaughan, P. W., Hooper, D., & Roberts, F. J. The melancholy marriage: An inquiry into the interaction of depression, II. Expressiveness.
Lennard, S. H. C. & Lennard, H. L. Architecture: Effect of territory, boundary, and orientation on family functioning.
Mendelbaum, A. A family centered approach to residential treatment.
Rudestam, K. E. Physical and psychological responses to suicide in the family.
Sigal, J. J., Lasry, J. C., Guttman, H., Chagoya, L., & Pilon, R. Some stable characteristics of family therapists' interventions in real and simulated therapy sessions.
Johnson, C. L. & Johnson, F. A. Attitudes toward parenting in dual-career families.
Rhodes, S. L. A developmental approach to the life cycle of the family.
Schwartzman, J. Systemic aspects of abstinence and addiction.
Walker, K. N., Rogers, J., & Messinger, L. Remarriage after divorce: a review.     

坚持与创新——中国共产党领导者人口思想演变研究之二

中共中央1962年《关于认真提倡计划生育的指示》文件的发布,明确了党和国家对实行计划生育的赞成态度,回答了社会主义社会是否要进行人口调控的问题。此后,中国共产党的领导者们在马克思主义理论的指导下,结合中国人口发展具体实践,不但坚持了对社会主义社会是否要进行人口调控的回答,并且对在社会主义建设中为什么要进行人口调控和如何进行人口调控进行了创造性地回答。他们通过对这些问题进行思考和回答所形成的人口思想和人口理论,是社会主义人口理论的重要组成部分,是对马克思主义人口理论的补充和丰富,是马克思主义中国化的重大理论成果。     

Fitting Generalized Hyperbolic processes - New insights for generating initial values

The fitting of Lévy processes is an important field of interest in both option pricing and risk management. In literature, a large number of fitting methods requiring adequate initial values at the start of the optimization procedure exists. A so-called simplified method of moments (SMoM) generates by assuming a symmetric distribution these initial values for the Variance Gamma process, whereby the idea behind can be easily transferred to the Normal Inverse Gaussian process. However, the characteristics of the Generalized Hyperbolic process prevent such an easy adaption. Therefore, we provide by applying a Taylor series approximation for the modified Bessel function of the third kind, a Tschirnhaus transformation and a symmetric distribution assumption, a SMOM for the Generalized Hyperbolic distribution. Our simulation study compares the results of our SMoM with the results of the maximum likelihood estimation. The results show that our proposed approach is an appropriate and useful way for estimating Generalized Hyperbolic process parameters and significantly reduces estimation time.     

Building a Humane Society for Older People: Compassionate Policy Making for Integration,Participation, and Positive Ageing Within a Framework of Intergenerational Solidarity

This article explores the global challenge of population aging with a specific focus on the concepts of integration and participation of older people in society within the context of “realizing a society for all ages” as promoted by the United Nations. It is proposed that governments worldwide need to embrace new ways of thinking about population aging that include strategic initiatives for strengthening the social contract that fosters generational interdependence. The meaning of “positive aging” is explored at both the individual and social levels, with implications for quality-of-life issues involving intergenerational relationships. The point is made that while the promotion of positive aging is commendable on both philosophical and health grounds it can be problematic for those older people who for a range of legitimate reasons are unable to fulfill the notion of positive or active aging. The longevity revolution will require the emergence of a more humane society that undertakes to reconceptualize what older age means, together with exploring new ways of enhancing the citizenship status of older people through the development and promotion of innovative intergenerational relationships. A call is made for a wider engagement of the citizenry in the processes involved in the formulation and implementation of policy making.     

The conceptualization of mistreatment by older American Indians

The problem of how to conceptualize elder mistreatment goes back several decades, and is especially important for ethnic minority populations, who may have perspectives that differ from the dominant society. This community-based participatory research study, which examined perceptions of mistreatment by family among 100 urban and rural older American Indians, permits a rare glimpse into how Native elders themselves understand this issue. Here, good treatment was conceptualized in terms of being taken care of, having one’s needs met, and being respected. We found relatively high standards for how elders should be treated—such as the belief that an elder’s needs should be anticipated and met without the elder needing to ask—in the face of widespread accounts of the mistreatment of elders within the community, largely through various acts of financial exploitation and neglect. Substance abuse and culture loss were blamed formuch of the elder mistreatment occurring in contemporary Native communities.     

HIV diffusion patterns and mobility: Gender differences among drug users

Researchers have recently expanded the scope of study of transmission patterns of AIDS to incorporate spatial and geographical questions. United States diffusion patterns of this disease appear to indicate that it may emanate from urban area epicenters to areas of low and moderate prevalence. The travel patterns of injecting drug users (IDUs) and the extent to which they engage in high risk drug and sexual activities was examined as an explanation of diffusion of the HIV virus from one community to another. The study population of 49,621 was comprised of subjects recruited from approximately 60 sites nationwide from 1988–1991. While the data are limited in some ways, they partially support a diffusion explanation of HIV transmission for males and females. The analysis demonstrates that low prevalence cities were significantly more likely to have been the destinations of both men and women who engaged in high risk drug and sexual activities. In addition, HIV seropositive drug users who engaged in high risk drug and sexual behaviors in destination cities were more likely than seronegatives to travel to high or low seroprevalence areas than to moderate prevalence areas. The findings suggest a need for effective HIV prevention educational messages about the risks of traveling and participating in high risk activities.     

流行病学转变--人口变化的流行病学理论的形成和发展

本文主要综述了流行病学转变理论的形成和发展,重点介绍了流行病学转变理论的四个基本概念,流行病学转变与人口和社会变化之间的关系,流行病学转变的机理,流行病学转变的影响因素及其在转变中的作用.