University Students’ Sense of Belonging to the Home Town: The Role of Residential Mobility

In the study of young people’s relationships with residential contexts, it is important to consider the role of developmental tasks (e.g. identity construction, academic and professional choices, etc.) in influencing Place Identity and Sense of Community. Residential mobility may represent an adaptive strategy for modifying some aspects of one’s identity and a contributing factor to the development of autonomy from the family. Limited attention has been devoted to the study of the ways young people deal with their attachments to old and new places within this process. This study involved 203 university students, attending a large university in the North of Portugal. The aim was to investigate Place Identity (PI) and Sense of Community (SoC) related to the home town, and differences according to residential condition (native vs. temporary resident) and year of attendance (I vs. IV). Among students who moved, the role of motives (forced vs. voluntary) and of residential choices after graduation on PI and SoC were assessed. Results indicated that, among students who moved for academic reasons, SoC and PI related to the home town were lower and decreased from the first to the fourth year. SoC was higher among students who experienced the relocation as a forced choice. Students who anticipated to return to their home town after graduation had higher SoC and PI.     

La participación en los grupos sociales: elaboración de un sistema mediante ordenador para su análisis y control (A.C.P.)

Resumen

La finalidad de este informe es proporcionar datos sobre un nuevo instrumento para la observación de grupos y posibles aplicaciones.     

Mr. and Mrs. president? The rise and fall of the co-presidency

In the post-World War II era, the influence of first ladies has grown along with the prominence of the institution to the point where both scholars and journalists speak of the existence of a “co-presidency.” However, the various political roles assumed by the presidential spouses present great risks for both the first lady and the president.     

Convergence criteria for interval-valued inequality indices

In this paper we introduce an interval-valued inequality index for random intervals based on a convex function. We show that if this function does not grow faster than x ^p , then the inequality index is continuous on the space of random intervals with finite p-th moment. A bound for the distance between the inequality indices of two random intervals is also constructed. An example is presented to motivate and illustrate the developments in this paper.     

Intrinsic Priors for Testing Two Normal Means with Intrinsic Bayes Factors

ABSTRACT

In this article we consider the problem of comparing two normal means with unknown common variance using a Bayesian approach. Conventional Bayes factors with improper non informative priors are not well defined. The intrinsic Bayes factors are used to overcome such a difficulty. We derive intrinsic priors whose Bayes factors are asymptotically equivalent to the corresponding intrinsic Bayes factors. We illustrate our results with numerical examples.     

Heteroskedasticity-Robust Inference in Linear Regressions

The assumption that all errors share the same variance (homoskedasticity) is commonly violated in empirical analyses carried out using the linear regression model. A widely adopted modeling strategy is to perform point estimation by ordinary least squares and then perform testing inference based on these point estimators and heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors. These tests, however, tend to be size-distorted when the sample size is small and the data contain atypical observations. Furno (1996 Furno , M. ( 1996 ). Small sample behavior of a robust heteroskedasticity consistent covariance matrix estimator . Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 54 : 115 – 128 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) suggested performing point estimation using a weighted least squares mechanism in order to attenuate the effect of leverage points on the associated inference. In this article, we follow up on her proposal and define heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimators based on residuals obtained using robust estimation methods. We report Monte Carlo simulation results (size and power) on the finite sample performance of different heteroskedasticity-robust tests. Overall, the results favor inference based on HC0 tests constructed using robust residuals.     

Bayesian model selection for life time data under type II censoring

This paper considers the Bayesian model selection problem in life-time models using type-II censored data. In particular, the intrinsic Bayes factors are calculated for log-normal, exponential, and Weibull lifetime models using noninformative priors under type-II censoring. Numerical examples are given to illustrate our results.     

Top Management Team Heterogeneity,Strategic Change and Operational Performance*

This study examines the role of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity in facilitating strategic change. Based on the upper echelons literature, we argue that heterogeneous management teams are better able to handle the simultaneous and conflicting demands of refocusing the organization strategically and keeping up operational performance. We expect this to be true only for teams that are heterogeneous with respect to factors directly related to job requirements, however. Data were collected from 92 full TMTs of hospitals in Spain that were confronted with institutional pressures that challenged their current strategies. In support of our hypotheses, the results show job‐related TMT heterogeneity moderates the relation between strategic change and operational performance. No moderating effect is found for non‐job‐related TMT heterogeneity.     

Reduced prizes and increased effort in contests

We study the general class of two-player public-policy contests and specify the asymmetry condition under which a more restrained government intervention that reduces the contestants’ prizes has the “perverse” effect of increasing their aggregate lobbying efforts.

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