现代科学与世界可知性的阐释

由于绝对知识的不可能,世界的绝对可知是不可能的;在认识的无限发展过程中,思维与存在之间永远只存在具体的、相对的、有条件的和近似的同一,世界可知的阐释是历史的;思维与存在之间具体的、相对的、有条件的同一性问题通过实践来获得解决,也通过实践来获得证明;世界可知性阐释需要以实践为基础。     

A modified false discovery rate multiple-comparisons procedure for discrete data, applied to human immunodeficiency virus genetics

Summary.  To help to design vaccines for acquired immune deficiency syndrome that protect broadly against many genetic variants of the human immunodeficiency virus, the mutation rates at 118 positions in HIV amino-acid sequences of subtype C versus those of subtype B were compared. The false discovery rate (FDR) multiple-comparisons procedure can be used to determine statistical significance. When the test statistics have discrete distributions, the FDR procedure can be made more powerful by a simple modification. The paper develops a modified FDR procedure for discrete data and applies it to the human immunodeficiency virus data. The new procedure detects 15 positions with significantly different mutation rates compared with 11 that are detected by the original FDR method. Simulations delineate conditions under which the modified FDR procedure confers large gains in power over the original technique. In general FDR adjustment methods can be improved for discrete data by incorporating the modification proposed.     

藏区苯教寺庙建筑发展述略

宗教建筑既是宗教文化的产物,又是宗教文化重要的物质载体,不同教派的寺院极为生动明显地折射出相应宗教文化的发展踪迹。根据历史文献和田野调查,将苯教发展历史与苯教寺院的发展相联系,对藏地苯教寺庙的发展演变、地区分布以及建筑特点进行初步的研究,并以卫藏地区的热拉雍仲林寺和卫藏周边地区雍仲拉顶寺的两个代表性寺院为例,详细描写寺院的情形,期望能够对藏地宗教建筑的了解起到一定的查遗补漏的作用,同时,对苯教寺庙建筑的深入研究也有助于对丰富多彩的藏文化作出更为整体和全面的理解。     

Composition-consistent tournament solutions and social choice functions

This paper introduces a new axiom for choice in preference profiles and tournaments, called composition-consistency. A social choice function is composition-consistent if it is non-sensitive to the cloning of one or several outcomes. The key feature of the composition consistency property is an operation concept called multiple composition product of profiles. The paper provides a brief overview of some social choice functions studied in the literature. Concerning the tournament solutions, it is proved that the Top Cycle, the Slater and the Copeland solutions are not composition-consistent, whereas the Banks, Uncovered Set, TEQ, Minimal Covering Set are composition-consistent. Moreover, we define the composition-consistent hull of a solution as the smallest composition-consistent solution containing . The composition-consistent hulls of the Top cycle and Copeland solutions are specified, and we give some hints about the location of the hull of the Slater set. Concerning social choice functions, it is shown that Kemeny, Borda and Minimax social choice functions are not composition-consistent, whereas the Paretian one is composition-consistent. Moreover, we prove that the latter is the composition-consistent hull of the Borda and Minimax functions.     

Income Diversity,Technology Choice and Agricultural Research Policy in Sub‐Saharan Africa

This article makes an initial analysis of the implications of income diversification for technical change and agricultural research policy in Africa, leading to two insights. First, that the dilution effect of income diversification means that, as the proportion of non‐farm income increases, so must the expected gains from adopting a new agricultural technology. Second, that diversified producers will face disproportionately large transactions costs associated with information acquisition to inform technology choice decisions. Two hypotheses about how diversified producers are likely to react are then explored. Both point to the conclusion that income diversification among the poor is likely to constrain significantly the direct poverty impacts of agricultural research. The policy implications of these findings are then considered.     

谈日语口译教学

由于历史原因 ,目前国内日语界一直认为口译是笔译的附庸变体 ,因此对口译的研究较笔译要滞后得多。要改变这种状况 ,必须从观念上改变这一看法 ,确立口译的独立地位 ,完善口译的理论 ,提高对口译课的认识和对口译教学法的重视。     

股权出资之法律问题探析

在公司运作实务中,股权出资之典型个案引发了诸多困惑,由此产生了对股权出资进行理论分析和立法构建的必要。既然股权出资具有理论上的合理性、实践中的现实性、立法上的适法性,被公司立法接纳为法定的股东出资形式就理所当然了。而要将股权设计为一种出资形式,就必须明晰股权出资与股权转让、转投资、循环持股、公司分立、公司收购等相关法律制度的关系。鉴于股权作为无形财产,其价值的不确定性较大,为操作之必要,应在股份评估、股权移转、与股票发行公司之关系等方面做出法律规制。     

"生态关怀"与"生命关照"——试论当代中国生态美学研究的价值及其局限

当代中国生态美学研究的价值着重体现在几个方面:一是对生态美学研究的宏观上的理解与微观上的界定;二是广泛吸纳中西方生态思想文化资源,构建了一种人与自然、人与社会动态平衡、和谐一致的崭新的生态存在论美学观;三是关注当代人的生命存在。生态存在论美学观是当前美学理论研究的一种创新,不仅有重大的研究价值,而且对相关的理论研究建设也有借鉴意义,同时,这种生态存在美学观亦具有"返魅"的嫌疑和不可操作性等局限。