成人自考学生的素质教育与管理

如何针对成人自考生的特点 ,将素质教育贯穿于教育的全过程 ,实现教育的信息化、社会化、个性化 ,建立一套适合社会主义市场经济的教育体系 ,营造一个有利于培养创新能力的育人环境是成人教育管理部门面临的一个重大课题 ,本文对这一课题作了初步的探讨     

加入WTO对中国旅游业的影响和对策

加入 WTO对中国旅游业的发展将产生深远的影响 ,其中旅游业的两大支柱——旅行社业和饭店业所受到的冲击是不均衡的。另旅游业应趋利避害 ,以积极的态度和脚踏实地的作风迎接挑战。     

THE EFFECTS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL FORMATS ON CONCEPT RETENTION AND PROBLEM–SOLVING ABILITY*

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different interdisciplinary problem-oriented formats on a student's knowledge of and retention of disciplinary concepts and principles, his application of these concepts and principles to disciplinary problems, and his use of a discipline in his analysis of a complex problem. Performances of students enrolled in the experimental sections were compared to those of students enrolled in standard lecture-discussion sections. Regression analysis was used to analyze students' performance in order to control the effects of differences in student backgrounds. It was found that altering the pedagogical format and reward system within the experimental sections had no significant effect upon student performances in the experimental, problem-oriented program. In general, this study indicates that students taught in the standard lecture-discussion format in which grades are determined by examination over course material retain concepts and principles, apply these concepts and principles to disciplinary problems, and integrate disciplinary concepts into their analysis of complex problems as well as, if not better than, students taught in an interdisciplinary, problem-solving format.     

Perceived Risk and Uncertainty of Nuclear Waste: Differences Among Science,Business, and Environmental Group Members1

This paper presents survey results on perceived risk regarding the management of nuclear waste. Using data taken from random mail surveys of members of scientific, business, and environmental groups in Colorado and New Mexico in the summer of 1990, we examine differences between the groups in their expressed perceptions of risk and also their assessments of the certainty of their beliefs. We consider whether (a) greater uncertainty is associated with greater perceived risks and (b) whether there is greater responsiveness to new information for those whose beliefs are least certain. We find that there are connections between perceived risk and uncertainty, and there is a greater tendency to update risk assessements from a position of greater initial uncertainty. There are, however, differences between the groups as well as asymmetries in their responses to new information. The latter suggests that perceived risks will ratchet upward over time even when information is not biased toward more or less risk.     

Text,competence and logic: An exercise

Professional medical practice, like other organizational conduct, relies upon records which document transactions between members and their clientele. Medical practitioners employ a set of conventions providing for the systematic recording and interpretation of medical record cards that forms a social organization underlying the records cards' ordinary usage. In this paper we examine these conventions and develop a computer program which captures elements of their structure and use. By doing so we illustrate one way in which sociological analysis can contribute to the design of intelligent systems. We also suggest that the emerging discipline of Artificial Intelligence might find recent developments in sociology pertinent to its concerns.     

简论宋代民间养老

宋代民间的养老,在中国古代社会的养老模式中颇具代表性。两宋王朝民间养老的形成,主要表现为两点,即民间养老有了法律上的保障、完善的侍丁制度。宋代民间养老的形成有其特殊的社会原因,同居大家庭的重新形成、孝文化的推广以及政府养老政策鼓励等,最终使得民间养老蔚然成风。民间家庭养老风气的形成一方面维护了两宋王朝的统治,另一方面使得老人们的生活质量有所提高,同时,提升了整个社会的伦理道德,并对后世民间养老模式的形成产生了积极影响。     

Book reviews

Abstract

Social Policy, Public Policy Meredith Edwards, Cosmo Howard, Robin Miller (2001), Allen & Unwin, Sydney ISBN 1 86448 9480 $35.00 RRP.

Spirituality in social work practice: Narratives for professional helping Sonia Abels (Ed) (2000), Love Publishing Company, Denver, Colorado 131 pp. $56.90 (paperback)

Family — centered policies and practices: International implications Katharine Briar-Lawson, Hal A. Lawson, Charles B. Hennon and Alan R. Jones, Columbia University Press, New York Chichester, West Sussex ISBN 0 231 12106 7 462 pp. (soft cover)

Lookin' after our own: Supporting Aboriginal families through the hospital experience Angela Clarke, Shawana Andrews and Neville Austin (2000), A report sponsored by the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation

Making stepfamilies work A course for couples Irene Gerrard & Margaret Howden (1998), Stepfamily Association of Victoria Inc. ISBN 0 646 3622 4 (spiral bound)

The empowerment approach to social work practice: Building the beloved community Judith AS Lee (2001), Columbia University Press, New York, ISBN 0 231 11548 2 517 pp. (hardback)     

Family Support Groups for Family Members of Mentally Ill Offenders: Therapeutic Factors

This study investigates therapeutic factors of a Family Support Group (FSG) intervention for family members of mentally ill offenders. Seventeen family members completed the ‘Group Therapeutic Factors‐Client Questionnaire’ (GTF‐CQ‐28) during four sessions of two FSGs. Results indicate that family members experienced the following therapeutic factors over the course of treatment: the relational climate, interactional confirmation, expressing and experiencing mutual positive feelings, forgetting own problems, hope from seeing progress in others, guidance from therapists, and getting interpersonal feedback treatment. The therapeutic factors, including learning by observation, support from the group, and universality of problems, correlated with a decrease in self‐blame, improved emotional well‐being, and experiencing less loss of control over one's life, respectively. Further, family members were satisfied with what the FSG has provided for them personally and for the relation with their relative. Finally, clinical implications of the FSG are discussed. The study sheds light on valuable therapeutic factors within an FSG and the important role of therapists.     

国有企业的效率悖论研究——论国有企业生产率提高与利润率下降的事实冲突

本文采用中国社会科学院经济所CASS样本数据，说明自改革开放以来，我国国有企业在全要素生产率上升的同时，其利润率却在下降。并通过回顾国有企业的改革历程，阐释导致国有企业的效率悖论的原因。     

Performativity and helping professions: social theory, power and practice

Drawing on Judith Butler's conception of 'performativity', we would argue that the notion has important implications for contemporary debates in international social welfare over agency, subjection and 'resistance'. Professional social workers embedded in discursive institutions function according to particular expectations around performativity. In addition, this organisational context is complex with multiple demands. In light of technologies of surveillance and control in contemporary social work, performativity offers a response to the pressing need to expand notions of worker opposition beyond traditional forms of organised dissent towards the production of subjective space.