Innovation timing advantages: From economic theory to strategic application

First and second mover theory, as developed in industrial organization economics, maintains that firms can gain competitive advantage by using optimal timing in the introduction of innovations. Because the industry is the unit of analysis, the theory does not provide specific guidance for individual firms. We analyze the underlying sources of first and second mover timing advantages and clarify several issues regarding the basic theory. We then identify a variety of factors at the industry, firm and product/service levels and develop propositions showing their relations to individual firms in their efforts to benefit from timing advantages. We discuss the link which these indicator factors provide between economic theory and strategic timing choices. Finally, we suggest directions for research which would assist firms and their managers in selecting and pursuing innovation timing strategies.     

Welfare for profit: moral, empirical and theoretical perspectives

Since the 1960s there has been an increasing number of proprietary agencies engaged in the delivery of social services in the United States. This development has generally been greeted with disfavour by welfare state advocates. Various arguments have been put forward against welfare for profit on moral, empirical and theoretical grounds. This paper analyzes these arguments and proposes several basic conditions that would seem to have significant bearing on the choice between profit and nonprofit providers for a given service.     

清末民初中日语言接触情形及其演变

清末民初时期,大量日本移民为实现淘金梦开始涌入具有殖民地性质的关东州、满铁附属地置产兴业,聚集生活.他们与当地中国人之间不可避免地发生语言接触,导致显著的语言变化.日伪时期“协和语”中常见的中日语音杂糅、词汇借用、特殊的语法句式等特点都能在清末民初文献中找到佐证.因此,“协和语”并非只是日伪时期特有的语言现象,其萌芽在清末民初已经出现,二者之间存在明显的继承关系.     

Looking at Digital Art: Towards a Visual Methodology for Digital Sociology

Over the last decade there has been a call for a new kind of sociological gaze, a digital sociology for a digital age. Has there been fundamental change in the key principles, the nature, and functions of social life in a digital age? In social and cultural theory, there is a long history of looking at how technology transforms art. In this article, I will use the medium of digital art to consider the unique nature of the digital age, the demand for a digital sociology, and the interrelated speculative imagination of such claims. Broadly situated within the sociology of art the methodological contribution of this article is to offer an analysis of artworks themselves, via the construction of a digital visual methodology. What digital culture, politics, and revealed in digital art? How can looking at digital art expand the tools for understanding digitally mediated lives?     

农村残疾人就业意愿和就业困境研究——基于上海市金山区农村残疾人调查的实证分析

利用2013年上海市金山区农村户籍务农残疾人基本生活状况调查数据对农村残疾人就业意愿及其影响因素作了研究,结合实地调研结果从理论上分析了目前农村残疾就业存在的困境并且对其成因做出经济解释.研究发现,残疾人的就业具有持续性,有过就业经历的残疾人更倾向于期望重新回到劳动力市场,实现自我价值;然而目前残疾人就业促进政策效果并不是很好:集中就业普遍存在"挂靠"的"假就业"现象,而按比例就业则存在用人单位更偏好缴纳"残疾人就业保障金"而不是雇佣残疾人的"缴费偏好陷阱",这两者导致了农村残疾人非农就业意愿和就业实现之间存在矛盾的困境.     

Not Bound but Committed: Operationalizing the Global Compact on Refugees

The Global Compact on Refugees is not legally binding, but it gives rise to commitments by the international community as a whole. It is also rooted in international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law. This article addresses how the GCR cannot give rise to binding obligations in international law, yet provide for enhanced protection and assistance to refugees and hosting communities, and establish commitments for a fairer and more predictable sharing of burdens and responsibilities. It does this by reference to other non‐legally binding international documents and rules of law. Additionally, the use of indicators to measure states’ and other international actors’ performance in operationalizing the GCR provides a framework to measure commitments; coupled with greater humanitarian and development co‐operation, commitments can be better facilitated even if the GCR is not legally binding. Finally, the sharing of burdens and responsibilities is also fulfilled by the emphasis on solutions.     

消费者搜寻农产品分级信息的阻滞机制及要素选择研究

农产品质量分级是推进质量兴农战略的重要举措,然而其未能在消费者信息搜寻过程中发挥传递质量信号的基本功能。借助微观调查与选择实验,利用双栏模型和随机参数-误差成分模型,从信息搜寻视角揭示消费者参考农产品分级信息决策的阻滞机制,探究针对分级要素选择有偏问题的优化路径。结果表明：消费者对分级体系缺乏认知、对分级要素偏好不强和对分级信息信任不足,是阻滞消费者参考农产品分级信息决策的关键因素,也是农产品质量分级在消费市场没能有效实施的现实原因。因此,调整分级信息传递、完善分级要素选择和改进分级监管方式,同时将消费者偏好作为分级要素选择的基础依据,是实施农产品质量分级、建立优质优价市场秩序、推进农业高质量发展的有效路径。     

试析明清时期江西金溪部分儒生向刻书业的身份转型

本文主要就明清时期江西金溪部分儒生向刻书业的身份转型进行了论述。具体包括转型人员的构成、转型原因、从业特点以及转型对促进江西古代文化发展传播所起的作用。